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various types of company

Толкование Перевод

1 компания

сущ.

( предприятие) company

регистрировать компанию — to register a company

связаться со своей страховой компанией — to contact one's insurance company

создать (учредить) компанию — to float (form, found, establish, set up) a company

управлять компанией — to manage (run) a company

от имени компании — on the company's behalf

официальный адрес компания — company's official address

различные виды компаний — various types of company

создание компании — formation (establishment) of a company

состояние дел компании — state of the company's affairs

управление компанией — administration (management) of a company

финансирование компании — financing of a company

компания, владеющая акциями других компаний на началах доверительной собственности — holding company (trust)

компания междугородного автотранспорта — highway carrier

компания с ограниченной ответственностью — limited liability company

компания, специализирующаяся на кредитовании недвижимости — mortgage banking company; mortgage company

- компания внутренних перевозок
- компания воздушного транспорта
- компания грузового транспорта
- компания железнодорожных перевозок
- компания местных перевозок
- компания по закупкам
- компания-поставщик
- компания солидарной ответственности
- компания-учредитель
- компания-филиал
- авиатранспортная компания
- автотранспортная компания
- акционерная компания
- ассоциированная компания
- государственная компания

- дочерняя компания
- закрытая акционерная компания
- инвестиционная компания
- консалтинговая компания
- материнская компания
- многонациональная компания
- страховая компания
- судоходная компания
- транспортная компания
- транспортно-экспедиционная компания
- фиктивная компания
- холдинговая компания
- частная компания

Русско-английский юридический словарь > компания
2 Whitney, Amos

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 8 October 1832 Biddeford, Maine, USA

d. 5 August 1920 Poland Springs, Maine, USA

[br]

American mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.

[br]

Amos Whitney was a member of the same distinguished family as Eli Whitney. His father was a locksmith and machinist and he was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the Essex Machine Company of Lawrence, Massachusetts. In 1850 both he and his father were working at the Colt Armory in Hartford, Connecticut, where he first met his future partner, F.A. Pratt. They both subsequently moved to the Phoenix Iron Works, also at Hartford, and in 1860 they started in a small way doing machine work on their own account. In 1862 they took a third partner, Monroe Stannard, and enlarged their workshop. The business continued to expand, but Pratt and Whitney remained at the Phoenix Iron Works until 1864 and in the following year they built their first new factory. The Pratt \& Whitney Company was incorporated in 1869 with a capital of $350,000, Amos Whitney being appointed General Superintendent. The firm specialized in making machine tools and tools particularly for the armament industry. Pratt \& Whitney was one of the leading firms developing the system of interchangeable manufacture which led to the need to establish national standards of measurement. The Rogers-Bond Comparator, developed with the backing of Pratt \& Whitney, played an important part in the establishment of these standards, which formed the basis of the gauges of many various types made by the firm.

Amos Whitney was made Vice-President of Pratt \& Whitney Company in 1893 and was President from 1898 until 1901, when the company was acquired by the Niles- Bement-Pond Company: he then remained as one of the directors. He was elected a Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1913.

[br]

Further Reading

J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes the origin and development of the Pratt \& Whitney Company).

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Whitney, Amos
3 Pratt, Francis Ashbury

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 15 February 1827 Woodstock, Vermont, USA

d. 10 February 1902 Hartford, Connecticut, USA

[br]

American mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.

[br]

Francis A.Pratt served an apprenticeship as a machinist with Warren Aldrich, and on completing it in 1848 he entered the Gloucester Machine Works as a journeyman machinist. From 1852 to 1854 he worked at the Colt Armory in Hartford, Connecticut, where he met his future partner, Amos Whitney. He then became Superintendent of the Phoenix Iron Works, also at Hartford and run by George S.Lincoln \& Company. While there he designed the well-known "Lincoln" miller, which was first produced in 1855. This was a development of the milling machine built by Robbins \& Lawrence and designed by F.W. Howe, and incorporated a screw drive for the table instead of the rack and pinion used in the earlier machine.

Whitney also moved to the Phoenix Iron Works, and in 1860 the two men started in a small way doing machine work on their own account. In 1862 they took a third partner, Monroe Stannard, and enlarged their workshop. The business continued to expand, but Pratt and Whitney remained at the Phoenix Iron Works until 1864 and in the following year they built their first new factory. The Pratt \& Whitney Company was incorporated in 1869 with a capital of $350,000, F.A.Pratt being elected President. The firm specialized in making machine tools and tools particularly for the armament industry. In the 1870s Pratt made no less than ten trips to Europe gaining orders for equipping armouries in many different countries. Pratt \& Whitney was one of the leading firms developing the system of interchangeable manufacture which led to the need to establish national standards of measurement. The Rogers-Bond Comparator, developed with the backing of Pratt \& Whitney, played an important part in the establishment of these standards, which formed the basis of the gauges of many various types made by the firm. Pratt remained President of the company until 1898, after which he served as their Consulting Engineer for a short time before retiring from professional life. He was granted a number of patents relating to machine tools. He was a founder member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1880 and was elected a vice-president in 1881. He was an alderman of the city of Hartford.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Vice-President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1881.

Further Reading

J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, 111. (describes the origin and development of the Pratt \& Whitney Company).

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Pratt, Francis Ashbury
4 discount

1. сущ.
1)

а) торг. скидка (с цены), ценовая скидка (денежная сумма или процент, на который поставщик снижает стандартную цену товара или услуги; напр., снижение стандартной цены товара в рамках кампании по стимулированию сбыта или снижение прейскурантной цены в качестве вознаграждения за быстрый или наличный платеж, за покупку в большом количестве и т. п.; также снижение стандартного тарифа на услуги для клиентов, удовлетворяющих определенным требованиям, напр., уменьшение величины страховой премии в связи с особенностями данного риска, отсутствием аварий или других страховых случаев в течение определенного времени, либо уменьшение стоимости туристической путевки при приобретении общей путевки для группы лиц и т. п.)

ATTRIBUTES:

cumulative 2), aggregate 2)

deep discount — значительная скидка*

one-time discount — единовременная [разовая\] скидка

special discount — специальная скидка

extra discount — дополнительная скидка

high discount — высокая скидка

low discount — низкая скидка

COMBS:

discount in the amount of— скидка в сумме

At the purchase of 6-10 titles you will obtain the discount in the amount of 5%.

discount of $125, $125 discount — скидка в размере 125 долл.

10% discount, discount of 10% — скидка в размере 10%, десятипроцентная скидка

1% discount for cash — скидка 1% за расчет наличными

15% discount for quantity purchases — 15-процентная скидка за покупку в большом количестве

less discount of 5% — со сидкой в 5%, за вычетом 5%

A discount of up to 40% may apply to Physical Damage Coverage for your boat, if the boat is less than 11 years old.

a discount of 10 to 40 percent — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 40%

a discount (of) between 10% and 20% — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 20%, скидка между 10% и 20%

discount on [below, to, off, from\] — скидка с (цены, тарифной ставки)

50% discount below the normal retail price — 50% скидка с обычной розничной цены

You can get 50% discount off the regular ticket price!

Click here to order this book at a discount from the regular list price.

discount on ticket price — скидка с цены билетов

discount on retail price — скидка с розничной цены

discount on (smth.) — скидка на (что-л.)

Members will receive special discounts on all products. — Участники получат специальные скидки на все товары.

special discount to students, special students discounts — специальные скидки для студентов, специальные скидки студентам, специальные студенческие скидки

50% discount for children under 12 — 50% скидка для детей в возрасте до 12 лет

to give [to grant, to allow\] a discount — предоставить скидку

Discounts are given for quantity purchases.

First, they commit all participants to grant discounts of the same type to buyers who meet the same conditions of eligibility.

The producer usually establishes a list price and then allows discounts from it to various types of intermediate customers.

to offer a discount — предлагать скидку

Later in the century, as competition for customers increased, some booksellers offered discounts of 20 percent and more.

to get [to receive, to obtain\] a discount — получить скидку

Club members get special discount off the normal rates. — Члены клуба получают специальную скидку с обычных тарифов.

He received cash discount of 3%. — Он получил скидку в размере 3% за оплату наличными.

to earn a discount — получить [заслужить, заработать\] скидку

When purchases must be placed within a specified period to earn a discount, the prospective contractor must indicate the required time period.

to claim a discount — требовать скидку

Those who purchase for cash are allowed a discount of 2%, while those who pay within one month can claim a discount of 1%.

to ask for a discount — просить [требовать\] скидку, обращаться за скидкой

If you're going to pay cash, ask for a discount.

to negotiate a discount — договориться о скидке

It could be very useful to be able to negotiate a discount for cash if you are buying luxury items like a fur coat or an expensive piece of jewellery.

to be subject to a discount — подлежать скидке

Large volume orders may be subject to a discount. — Крупные заказы могут подлежать скидке. [По крупным заказам может предоставляться скидка.\]

to qualify for a discount — иметь право на скидку; получить право на скидку; давать право на скидку

To qualify for discount all orders must be received by 30th June. — Чтобы иметь право на скидку, все заказы должны быть получены до 30 июня.

to be eligible for [to be entitled to\] a discount — иметь право на скидку

Find out if you are entitled to a discount. — Выясните, имеете ли вы право на скидку.

to lose a discount — терять скидку, терять право на скидку

This means that you can make 1 claim in any year or 2 claims in any 3-year period, and you won't lose the discount earned for your previous years of safe driving. — Это означает, что вы можете предъявить одно требование в течение любого года или два требования в течение любого трехлетнего периода, и вы не потеряете скидку, заработанную за предыдущие года безопасного вождения.

to calculate discount — рассчитывать скидку

To find the sale price of the item, you calculate the discount and subtract the discount from the original price.

to reduce/to increase discount — уменьшать/увеличивать скидку

ThyssenKrupp Nirosta reduces cash discount.

Under the Local Government Act 2003, all District Councils have been allowed to reduce their Council Tax discount on second homes from 50% to 10%.

American Airlines also has increased its discount from 21 percent to 22 percent on all domestic fares and international full fares.

They've increased the tax discount on the house.

Syn:

rebate 1. 1), reduction 1. 2) б)

Ant:

market discount б)

See:

advertising discount, aggregated discount, bulk discount а), bulk purchase discount, cash discount, chain discount, commercial discount, cumulative discount, deep discount 2) а), deferred discount, discount allowed, discount earned, discount for cash, discount for cash payment, discount for early payment, discount for paying cash, discount for prompt payment, discount for quantity, discount for quantity purchases, discount from price, discount on price, discount received, discounts lost, early payment discount, functional discount, group discount 1) а), insurance discount, insurance premium discount, invoice discount 1) а), long discount, lost discounts, loyalty discount, net name discount, noncumulative discount, off-invoice discount, patronage discount, premium discount, prepayment discount, price discount а), prompt payment discount, purchase discount, quantity discount, quantity purchase discount, renewal discount, retail discount, retro discount, retrodiscount, retrospective discount, sales discount, series discount 1) а), short discount, special discount, staff discount, trade discount, trade-in discount, unearned discount а), volume discount, wholesale discount, amount of discount, discount amount а), discount broker а), discount brokerage, discount card, discount chain, discount coupon, discount drugstore, discount fare, discount goods, discount house 2) а), discount loss, discount market 2) а), discount merchandiser, discount period 1) а), discount policy 1) а), discount price, discount pricing, discount retailer, discount retailing, discount sale, discount scale, discount series, discount schedule, discount store, discount supermarket, discount table, discount terms, percentage of discount, scale of discounts, table of discounts, allowance 1. 3) discounted price а), discounted goods, premium price а), trade credit, EOM, ROG, discounter б), discountable 2) б), regular price, list price, off-price product, at a discount 1) а) IDIOM: five-finger discount

б) фин., бирж. дисконт (сумма, на которую номинал или цена погашения ценной бумаги больше цены ее первоначального размещения или текущей рыночной цены)

ATTRIBUTES:

accrued 2), amortizable 2) б)

deep discount — глубокий дисконт, значительный дисконт*

high discount — высокий дисконт

low discount — низкий дисконт

COMBS:

discount in the amount of— дисконт в сумме

discount of $125, $125 discount — дисконт в размере 125 долл.

As a result, X treats the loan as having original issue discount in the amount of $130000.

10% discount, discount of 10% — дисконт в размере 10%, десятипроцентный дисконт

For example, if a $1000 par bond was bought at a discount of $900, at maturity there would be a $100 gain.

a discount of 10 to 40 percent — дисконт (в размере) от 10% до 40%

a discount (of) between 10% and 20% — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 20%, скидка между 10% и 20%

discount on [below, to, off, from\] — дисконт к (цене, номиналу), дисконт с [от\] (цены, номинала)

Coupons are sold at a discount to maturity value.

discount on municipal bonds — дисконт по муниципальным облигациям

discount on notes payable — дисконты по векселям к оплате

discount on notes receivable — дисконты по векселям к получению

to amortize discount — амортизировать дисконт

to amortize bond discount — амортизировать дисконт по облигациям

The Company amortizes any discount or premium as part of interest expense on the related debt using the effective interest method.

to calculate discount — рассчитывать дисконт

Although the issuer will calculate original issue discount, if any, based on its determination of the accrual periods, a bondholder may, subject to some restrictions, elect other accrual periods.

discount security — ценная бумага с дисконтом

All taxable discount securities, including Corporate and Government Bonds, Federal STRIPs, Eurobonds, and Taxable Municipal securities.

Ant:

market discount б)

See:

accrued discount, acquisition discount а), amortized discount, bond discount, debt discount, deep discount 1) а), discount from price, discount on price, Discount on Notes Payable, Discount on Notes Receivable, market discount а), original issue discount, price discount 1) б), share discount, unamortized discount, accretion of discount, accrual of discount, accumulation of discount, amortization of discount, amount of discount, discount accretion, discount amortization, discount amount б), discount bond, discount percentage 1) б), discount price, discount securities, discount yield, percentage of discount, discounted price б) premium price б) at a discount 1) б)

в) фин., банк. дисконт, скидка (разница между номиналом векселя и суммой, получаемой векселедержателем при учете векселя до наступления срока его погашения)

See:

bank discount а), banker's discount, amount of discount, discount amount в), discount basis, discount interest rate, discount market 1) в), discount percentage 2) в), discount policy 2) в), discount rate 1) а), 1) б), discount rate of interest, percentage of discount, rate of discount, discounting 1)

г) фин., бирж. дисконт, скидка (отклонение в меньшую сторону от официального курса валюты, т. е. ситуация, когда цена одной валюты занижена по отношению к цене другой валюты, напр., франк может продаваться со скидкой к фунту)

д) фин., банк. дисконт (разница между базовой согласованной суммой кредита и суммой, фактически получаемой заемщиком; в обычных дисконтных кредитах соответствует величине процентов, подлежащих уплате по кредиту; в некоторых кредитах из базовой суммы кредита могут вычитаться дисконтные пункты или другие единовременные вознаграждения и комиссионные, причитающиеся кредитору)

See:

bank discount б), banker's discount, unearned discount б) discount interest, discount loan

е) фин. дисконт, скидка (при оценке стоимости предприятия или крупных пакетов акций: разница, на которую фактически согласованная цена предприятия/пакета акций меньше базовой рыночной цены; такой дисконт может использоваться в качестве компенсации за узость вторичного рынка для акций, недостаточный размер продаваемого пакета акций для приобретения контроля за предприятием и т. п.)

See:

discount for lack of control, discount for lack of marketability, key person discount, lack of control discount, lack of marketability discount, marketability discount, minority discount, minority interest discount

ж) фин. скидка, дисконт (в самом общем смысле: сумма, на которую уменьшена базовая стоимость или другая базовая величина)

Ant:

market discount б)

See:

acquisition discount б), compound discount, forward discount, interest discount, interest rate discount, loan discount 1) б), 2) б), merchant discount, reinvestment discount, tax discount, underwriter's discount, discount fee 1), 2), discount interest rate, discount mortgage, discount points, discount rate 1) в), 1) г), discount rate of interest, merchant discount fee, rate of discount, discounted mortgage, at a discount 2)

2) банк., фин. учет, операция по учету [по дисконту\] (операция, в ходе которой банк или другое финансовое учреждение выкупает вексель или иное долговое обязательство у его держателя по цене, равной номиналу долгового обязательства за вычетом вознаграждения за оставшийся до погашения срок, напр., вексель с номиналом в 100 долл. может продаваться за 90 долл.; впоследствии банк взыскивает полную номинальную стоимость долгового обязательства с лица, выписавшего это долговое обязательство)

Syn:

discounting 1)

See:

invoice discount 2) discount broker б), discount credit, discount factoring, discount fee 3) б), discount house 1) б), discount market 1) б), discount period 2) б), discount window, discounter а), discountability, discountable 1) а), bill broker, rediscount 1.

3) фин. дисконтирование (определение текущей стоимости актива или текущей стоимости будущих потоков доходов и расходов)

Syn:

discounting 2)

See:

discount coefficient, discount factor, discount interest rate, discount rate 2), discount rate of interest, dividend discount model, rate of discount

4)

а) торг. процент скидки (величина скидки, выраженная в процентах к цене)

Syn:

discount percentage 3)

б) фин. учетная ставка; ставка дисконта [дисконтирования\]

Syn:

discount rate 1) а), 1) а), 2) а)

See:

market discount б)
2. гл.
1) торг. предоставлять [делать\] скидку, снижать цену (уменьшать обычную прейскурантную цену для покупателя, приобретающего значительное количество товара, рассчитывающегося наличными и т. п.); продавать со скидкой (уценивать товары, уменьшать цену продаваемых товаров)

The shop discounted goods. — Магазин сделал скидку на товары.

to discount from [off\] price — сделать скидку с цены

to discount (by) 10% — делать скидку в размере 10%

Companies discount their goods by 10%-75% only to sell more volume. — Компании предоставляют скидку на свои товары в размере 10-75% [компании снижают цену своих товаров на 10-75%\] только для того, чтобы увеличить объем продаж.

If an item has not sold within two weeks the store discounts the item by 25% for the third week, 50% for the fourth week, and 75% for the fifth week. — Если предмет не продается в течении двух недель, то в течение третьей недели предмет предлагается со скидкой в 25%, в течение четвертой — со скидкой 50%, а в течение пятой — со скидкой 75%.

All items were discounted about 20% from the suggested list prices. — Цена всех товаров была снижена на 20% по сравнению с рекомендованной прейскурантной ценой.

to discount price — делать скидку с цены

The company discounted prices on its products. — Компания сделала скидку с цены на свои товары.

to discount fare — делать скидку с тарифа

United discounts the fare by 50%. — "Юнайтед" делает скидку с тарифа в размере 50%.

The one-way fares are now discounted 15% off regular fares. — Стоимость проезда в один конец в настоящее время снижена на 15% по сравнению с обычными тарифами.

This interest rate is discounted from the published bank standard variable rate for an agreed period from the start of the mortgage. — Эта процентная ставка снижена по сравнению с опубликованной стандартной плавающей процентной ставкой банка на оговоренный период, считая от начала действия ипотечного кредита.

discounted goods — дисконтные товары

discounted mortgage — ипотека с дисконтом*, дисконтная ипотека*

discounted period — период скидки [скидок\]*, период действия скидки*

discounted price — цена со скидкой [с дисконтом\], дисконтная цена

See:

discount period 1) б), discounted bond, discounted goods, discounted mortgage, discounted period, discounted price, discounter б), discountable 2) б), non-discountable, undiscounted 1) а), 1) б), discounting 3) б)

2) фин., банк. учитывать

а) (приобретать векселя или счета-фактуры по цене ниже их номинала, т. е. с дисконтом, с целью последующего взыскания суммы долга с должника)

the bank will discount the bill — банк учтет вексель

to discount at the rate of 10% — учитывать по ставке 10%

In the same way, circumstances often forced discount houses themselves to discount fine trade bills at the rate for fine bank bills. — Точно также, обстоятельства часто вынуждают сами дисконтные дома учитывать первоклассные торговые векселя по ставке, установленной для первоклассных банковских векселей.

The Federal Reserve was given the right to discount “eligible paper” for member banks, that is lend money to the banks on the basis of the commercial paper arising from loan transactions with their customers. — Федеральной резервной системе было предоставлено право учитывать "приемлемые бумаги" для банков-членов, т. е. давать банкам деньги взаймы на базе коммерческих бумаг, возникающих в связи с кредитными операциями с их клиентами.

б) (продавать векселя или счета-фактуры по цене ниже их номинала специализированному финансовому учреждению)

to discount the bill at a bank — учитывать долговое обязательство в банке

to discount the note at 10% — учитывать долговое обязательство под 10%

The company discounted the note at a bank at 10%. — Компания учла долговое обязательство в банке под 10%.

If the vendor receives a note, he may discount it at the bank. — Если торговец получает простой вексель, он может учесть его в банке.

accounts receivable discounted — учтенная дебиторская задолженность*

discounted bill — учтенный вексель

to get a bill discounted — учесть вексель, произвести учет векселя

See:

accounts receivable discounted, discounted bill, discounting 1), discountability, discountable 1), discounter 1) а), rediscount 2. 1) а)

3) фин., банк. предоставлять дисконтный заем* (получать проценты вперед при даче денег взаймы, т. е. выдавать заемщику не полную оговоренную сумму кредита, а ее часть, оставшуюся после вычета определенного дисконта, и взамен сокращать или аннулировать процентную ставку на весь или часть срока кредита; употребляется всегда с дополнением в виде названия кредита)

to discount the loan — предоставлять дисконтный заем, делать заем дисконтным

Negotiate the terms of the loan ( amount, interest rates) first and then lender discounts the loan by charging a fee which will be deducted from the loan amount before being dispersed to the borrower. — Договоритесь об условиях кредитования (сумма, процентные ставки) и потом кредитор сделает заем дисконтным путем взимания платы, которая будет вычтена из суммы займа перед выдачей заемщику.

discounted loan — дисконтный заем*

See:

discounted loan, unearned discount 2)

4) фин. дисконтировать ( приводить будущие значения экономических показателей к текущей стоимости)

to discount cash flows — дисконтировать денежный поток

to discount to present — приводить к настоящему времени

to discount to present value — приводить к текущей стоимости

to discount at a rate of 10% — дисконтировать по ставке 10%

to discount cash flows at a rate — дисконтировать денежные потоки по ставке

to discount expected value at risky rate — дисконтировать ожидаемую стоимость по рисковой ставке

Discount future cash flows to the present using the firm's cost of capital. — Приведите будущие денежные потоки к текущей стоимости, используя стоимость капитала фирмы.

To adjust for the time value of money, we discounted future costs to present value. — Чтобы осуществить корректировку на временную стоимость денег, мы привели будущие затраты к текущей стоимости.

We discount future cash flows by an interest rate that has been adjusted for risk. — Мы дисконтируем будущие денежные потоки, используя процентную ставку, скорректированную на риск.

The taxpayer must continue to discount the unpaid losses attributable to proportional reinsurance from pre-1988 accident years using the discount factors that were used in determining tax reserves for the 1987 tax year. — Налогоплательщик должен продолжать дисконтировать неоплаченные убытки, относящиеся к пропорциональному перестрахованию за годы убытка, предшествующие 1988 г., используя коэффициенты дисконтирования, которые применялись при определении налоговых резервов на 1987 налоговый год.

When comparing projects with different risk levels, it is best to discount each project's cash flows at its own discount rate and then compare the NPVs. — При сравнении проектов с разным уровнем риска, лучше всего произвести дисконтирование [продисконтировать\] денежные потоки каждого проекта по своей собственной ставке дисконтирования и затем сравнить чистую приведенную стоимость.

discounted cash flow — дисконтированный [приведенный\] денежный поток

discounted earnings — дисконтированные доходы

discounted value — дисконтированная стоимость

discounted payback period — дисконтированный срок [период\] окупаемости

discounted game — игра с дисконтированием

See:

discounted cash flow, discounted game, discounted payback, discounted payback period, discounted present value, discounted value, present discounted value, discounting 2), discount rate 2), present value, discounted future earnings method, discounting 2), undiscounted 2)

5) общ. не принимать в расчет, игнорировать, пропускать, опускать; относиться скептически, не принимать на веру, сомневаться в правдивости

to discount smb's opinion — игнорировать чье-л. мнение

They discount my opinion. — Они не принимают в расчет мое мнение.

We had already discounted the theory that they were involved. — Мы уже оставили идею об их причастности.

By stressing one factor, each theory discounts the others. — Выделяя один фактор, каждая теория оставляет без внимания остальные.

Democratic theory discounts the notion that allocation of scarce resources is the result of natural forces. — Демократическая теория игнорирует представление о том, что распределение редких ресурсов является результатом действия естественных сил.

Knowing his political bias they discounted most of his story. — Зная о его политических пристрастиях, они сомневались в правдивости большей части его истории.

Many people discount the value of statistical analysis. — Многие люди недооценивают статистический анализ.

6) бирж. учитывать* (обычно используется в биржевом контексте, указывая на то, что плохие или хорошие новости о компании-эмитенте, отдельной отрасли, экономике в целом либо ожидания получения таких новостей учитываются участниками рынка при определении курсов ценных бумаг, вызывая соответственно понижение или повышение курсов)

the stock market has already discounted the good news — фондовый рынок уже учел хорошие новости

Many traders don't realize the news they hear and read has, in many cases, already been discounted by the market. — Многие трейдеры не осознают, что новости, о которых они услышали или прочитали, уже были учтены рынком.

Technology stocks discounted a lot of bad news from abroad. — Акции технологических компаний отреагировали на обилие плохих новостей из-за границы.

The bear market ends when at least most of the bad news is finally discounted by the market. — "Медвежий" рынок заканчивается, когда, по крайней мере, большая часть из плохих новостей наконец учитывается рынком.

In the United States, the stock market double discounts expected inflation, first through long term bond yields and second through relative stock prices. — В Соединенных Штатах, фондовый рынок дважды учитывает ожидаемую инфляцию, во-первых, в доходности долгосрочных облигаций, а во-вторых, в ценах на соответствующие акции.

These stock prices are discounting anticipated massive increases in profits for the S&P 500 companies in the future. — Цены акций учитывают ожидаемый в будущем массовый рост прибылей компаний, включаемых в расчет индекса "Стандард энд Пурз 500".

Today’s prices are discounting all future events, not only today’s news. — Сегодняшние цены учитывают все будущие события, а не только сегодняшние новости.

See:

bear 1. 2), bull 1. 2), stock market 1. 1), quotation 1. 4), price-sensitive information

* * *
discount (Dis; Disct) 1) дисконт, скидка: разница между ценой эмиссии ценной бумаги или кредита (номиналом или ценой погашения) и ее текущей рыночной ценой или разница между наличным и срочным валютными курсами; 2) учет векселей: операция купли-продажи векселей по номиналу минус вознаграждение за оставшийся до погашения срок (напр., вексель с номиналом в 100 долл. продается за 90 долл.); 3) скидка с цены товара (или возврат, напр., в качестве вознаграждения за быстрый или наличный платеж); см. cash discount;
quantity discount;

trade discount;
4) учет информации об определенном событии в движении цен, ставок, в т. ч. до его наступления; 5) соотношение между двумя валютами; напр., франк может продаваться со скидкой к фунту; 6) определить текущую стоимость актива, который имеет определенную стоимость на определенную дату в будущем.
* * *

вычет (процентов); дисконт; скидка; учет (векселя), учетный процент
. Относится к цене продажи облигации. Цена ниже номинальной стоимости. См. также Premium (премия) . (1) The amount a price would be reduced to purchase a commodity of lesser grade; (2) sometimes used to refer to the price differences between futures of different delivery months, as in the phrase "July is trading at a discount to May," indicating that the price of the July future is lower than that of May; (3) applied to cash grain prices that are below the futures price. Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Контракты

скидка

особое условие договора купли-продажи, определяющее размер снижения (уменьшения) исходной (базисной) цены сделки

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Финансы/Кредит/Валюта

дисконт

1. учет векселя

2. процент, взимаемый банками при учете векселей

3. скидка с цены валюты в валютных сделках

Англо-русский экономический словарь > discount
5 lugar

m.

1 place.

en algún lugar somewhere

no lo veo por ningún lugar I can't see it anywhere

vuelve a ponerlo todo en su lugar put everything back where it belongs

yo en tu lugar if I were you

fuera de lugar (figurative) out of place

lugar de encuentro meeting place

lugar de trabajo place of work

2 place, town.

las gentes del lugar the local people

lugar de nacimiento place of birth

3 position (post).

en primer/segundo lugar in the first/second place, firstly/secondly

4 room, space.

aquí ya no hay lugar para más gente there's no room for anyone else here

* * *

lugar

► nombre masculino

1 (sitio, ciudad) place

■ tiene que aparecer por algún lugar it has to be somewhere

■ he descubierto el lugar más idílico del mundo I've discovered the most idyllic place in the world

■ la iglesia no es lugar para bailar the church is no place to dance

2 (posición, situación) place, position

■ tú ponte en mi lugar y lo entenderás put yourself in my position and you'll understand

■ ¿qué lugar ocupa en la empresa? what's her position in the company?

3 (espacio) room, space

■ ya no hay lugar para más muebles there's no room for any more furniture

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar lugar a to give rise to

dejar a alguien en mal lugar to make somebody look foolish, show somebody up

en lugar de instead of

en primer lugar firstly

fuera de lugar (descolocado) out of place 2 (inoportuno) inappropriate

hacer lugar to make room

no ha lugar la protesta objection overruled

sin lugar a dudas undoubtedly

tener lugar to take place

lugar común commonplace

* * *

noun m.

1) place

2) position

3) space

•

- en lugar de
- tener lugar
* * *

SM

1) (=sitio) place

dejó las joyas en lugar seguro — she left the jewels in a safe place

es un lugar muy bonito — it is a lovely spot o place

devolver un libro a su lugar — to put a book back in its place

el concierto será en un lugar cerrado — the concert will take place indoors o at an indoor venue

el lugar del crimen — the scene of the crime

• algún lugar — somewhere

una emisión desde algún lugar de Europa — a broadcast from somewhere in Europe

lo escondió en algún lugar de la casa — she hid it somewhere around the house

• los Santos Lugares — the Holy Places

- poner las cosas en su lugar

lugar común — cliché, commonplace

lugar de encuentro — meeting-place

lugar geométrico — locus
composición 3)
2) (=posición)

a) [en lista, carrera, trabajo]

ocupa un buen lugar en la empresa — she has a good position o post at the company

ocupar el lugar de algn — to take sb's place

llegó en último lugar — he came last

• en primer lugar, se han clasificado en primer lugar — they have qualified in first place

en primer lugar, me gustaría agradecer la invitación — first of all o firstly, I would like to thank you for inviting me

b) (=situación)

yo, en tu lugar, no iría — I wouldn't go if I were you

usted póngase en mi lugar — put yourself in my place o shoes

en su lugar, ¡descanso! — (Mil) stand easy!

• dejar a algn en buen/mal lugar — [comportamiento] to reflect well/badly on sb; [persona] to make sb look good/bad

• estar fuera de lugar — to be out of place

sentirse fuera de lugar — to feel out of place

- encontrar un lugar bajo el sol

c)

• en lugar de — instead of

vino el portavoz en lugar del ministro — the spokesman came instead of the minister, the spokesman came in the minister's place

¿puedo asistir yo en su lugar? — can I go instead?

en lugar de escribir, me llamó por teléfono — instead of writing, he called me

en lugar de ir a la piscina, ¿por qué no vamos a la playa? — why don't we go to the beach instead of the swimming pool?

3) (=ocasión) opportunity, chance

si se me da el lugar — if I have the opportunity o chance

no hubo lugar para decir lo que pensaba — there was no opportunity to say what I thought

no hay lugar para preocupaciones — there is no cause for concern

• dar lugar a algo — to give rise to sth, lead to sth

• dejar lugar a algo — to leave room for sth

los datos no dejan lugar a dudas — the figures leave no room for doubt

la situación no dejaba lugar al optimismo — the situation left little room for o gave few grounds for optimism

• sin lugar a dudas — without doubt, undoubtedly

• no ha lugar, una reacción tan fuerte, francamente no ha lugar — there is no need for such a violent response

-¡protesto! -no ha lugar — (Jur) "objection!" - "overruled"

• tener lugar — to take place, happen, occur

- a como dé o diera lugar

4) (=espacio) room, space

no hay lugar para escribir nada más — there's no room o space to write any more

¿hay lugar? — is there any room?

hacer lugar para algo — to make room for sth

5) (=localidad) place

En un lugar de la Mancha... — Somewhere in La Mancha...

del lugar — local

un vino del lugar — a local wine

las gentes del lugar — the local people, the locals

lugar de nacimiento — [gen] birthplace; [en impreso] place of birth

lugar de trabajo — workplace

* * *

masculino

1) ( sitio) place

no es éste el lugar — this is not the place

en cualquier otro lugar — anywhere else

cambiar los muebles de lugar — to move the furniture around

en algún lugar — somewhere

consérvese en lugar fresco — keep in a cool place

el lugar del suceso — the scene of the incident

2) (localidad, región)

los habitantes del lugar — the local people

lugar y fecha de nacimiento — place and date of birth

3)

a) ( espacio libre) room

hacer lugar para alguien/algo — to make room o space for somebody/something

b) ( asiento) seat

4)

a) ( situación) place

yo en tu lugar... — if I were you...

ponte en mi lugar — put yourself in my place

b) (en organización, jerarquía) place

nadie puede ocupar el lugar de la madre — nobody can take a mother's place

según el lugar que ocupan en la lista — according to their position on the list

se clasificó en primer/quinto lugar — she finished in first/fifth place

5)

dar lugar a — (a una disputa, a comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

han dado lugar a que la gente hable — their behavior has set people talking

6) (Der)

no ha lugar la protesta — the objection is overruled

7) (en locs)

en lugar de — instead of

ella firmó en mi lugar — she signed on my behalf

en primer lugar: se tratarán en primer lugar they will be dealt with first; en primer lugar porque... first of all o firstly because...; en último lugar: y en último lugar... and finally o lastly...; a como dé/diera lugar (AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it any way we can; a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar one way or another I was going to get in; dejar a alguien en mal lugar to put somebody in an awkward position; poner a alguien en su lugar to put somebody in her/his place; sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly; tener lugar — to take place

•

- lugar común

* * *

= area, locality, location, place, locus [loci, -pl.], site, spot, slot.

Ex. The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

Ex. To overcome these problems users must think of all the various names that might have been applied, and must understand something of the geography and administration of the locality concerned.

Ex. Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.

Ex. Period and place can also be added to any heading, though there are restrictions on the latter: in certain subjects place takes preference over subject.

Ex. The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.

Ex. Here, families from many different communities were up-rooted and resettled on greenfield sites, many miles away from relatives and friends.

Ex. There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.

Ex. These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.

----

* asignar un lugar = give + Nombre + a place in.

* auxiliares de lugar = area table.

* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].

* cambio de lugar = relocation.

* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.

* colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.

* colocado en lugar erróneo = misplaced.

* colocar en el lugar donde = put in + the place where.

* colocar en su lugar = drop into + place.

* colocar en un lugar = put into + place.

* colocar en un lugar erróneo = misplace.

* confinado a un lugar concreto = site-bound.

* conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.

* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).

* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.

* dar lugar = produce.

* dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.

* dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.

* dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.

* dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.

* dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.

* de lugares más distantes = from further afield.

* demostrar sin lugar a dudas = prove + conclusively.

* desplazarse de un lugar a otro = move from + place to place.

* distribuido en varios lugares = multilocationed.

* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.

* emplazado en un lugar lejano = outstation.

* en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.

* en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.

* encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.

* en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.

* en cualquier otro lougar = everywhere else.

* en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else.

* en cuarto lugar = fourthly.

* en el lugar del accidente = at the scene of the accident.

* en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.

* en lugar de = as opposed to, in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.

* en lugar del accidente = at the scene.

* en lugar de otro = vicariously.

* en lugares cerrados = indoors.

* en ningún lugar = nowhere.

* en otro lugar = elsewhere, off-site [offsite].

* en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.

* en quinto lugar = fifthly.

* en segundo lugar = secondly, second-best [2nd-best], in the second place.

* en su lugar = instead, in + Posesivo + stead.

* en tercer lugar = thirdly, on the third hand.

* en un lugar central = centrally located.

* en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.

* en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.

* en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.

* en un lugar seguro = in a safe place, in safekeeping.

* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* fuera de lugar = out of place, uncalled-for.

* gallito del lugar, el = cock-of-the-walk.

* ganarse un lugar en el corazón de Alguien = win + a place in + heart.

* habitante del lugar = local, local resident.

* hacerse un lugar = carve out + a place.

* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyendo = mark + Posesivo + place.

* lugar acogedor = welcoming place.

* lugar aglomerado = crowded quarter.

* lugar ameno = locus amoenus.

* lugar atrasado = backwater.

* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.

* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.

* lugar cultural = cultural site.

* lugar de acampada = campsite [camp site], camping site, campground.

* lugar de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.

* lugar de celebración = venue.

* lugar de celebración del congreso = conference venue.

* lugar de cita = meeting ground.

* lugar de cría = breeding ground, breeding area.

* lugar de descanso = resting place.

* lugar de diversión = playground.

* lugar de encuentro = meeting place, meeting point, gathering place, tryst.

* lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.

* lugar de honor = pride of place.

* lugar de impresión = place of printing.

* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.

* lugar del crimen = scene of the crime.

* lugar de nacimiento = birthplace, place of birth.

* lugar de origen = locality of origin.

* lugar de parada = halting place.

* lugar de pasto = feeding ground.

* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.

* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.

* lugar de pruebas = test site.

* lugar de publicación = place of publication.

* lugar de recogida = pick-up location, pick-up point, drop-off point.

* lugar de residencia = place of residence.

* lugar destacado = prime space.

* lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, work setting, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.

* lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.

* lugar de vacaciones = tourist destination.

* lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.

* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.

* lugar en el mercado de venta = market niche.

* lugar en la ordenación = filing position.

* lugar escondido = secluded spot.

* lugares de interés = sights.

* lugar específico = niche.

* lugar físico = physical place.

* lugar frecuentado = hang out.

* lugar histórico = historic site, historical site.

* lugar interesante = hot spot.

* lugar oculto = hidden storage place, secret storage location, secret storage place, secret holding location, secret cell.

* lugar para comer = eating facility.

* lugar pintoresco = beauty spot.

* lugar privilegiado = place in the sun.

* lugar protegido = safe haven, safe harbour.

* lugar público = public place.

* lugar que le corresponde = Posesivo + rightful place.

* lugar que nos corresponde = place in the sun.

* lugar remoto = secluded spot.

* lugar resguardado del viento y soleado = suntrap.

* lugar seguro = safe haven, safe place.

* lugar visible = prime space.

* nombre de lugar = place name.

* no tener lugar = fall through.

* ocasión + dar lugar a = occasion + give rise to.

* ocupar el lugar de = take + the place of.

* ocupar el lugar de Alguien = take + Posesivo + place.

* ocupar un lugar = hold + a place, occupy + place.

* ocupar un lugar destacado para + Pronombre = stand + high on + Posesivo + list.

* ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.

* ocupar un lugar importante = take + pride of place.

* ocupar un lugar prioritario en los intereses de Alguien = rank + high on + Posesivo + agenda.

* ocupar un lugar privilegiado = have + pride of place.

* ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.

* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.

* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* primer lugar de consulta = first stop.

* que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.

* que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].

* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.

* residente del lugar = local resident.

* sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sin lugar a dudas = conclusively, undeniably, unquestionably, without any doubt, by all accounts, no mistake, no doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, to be sure.

* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.

* situado en primer lugar = top-rated.

* situado en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.

* situado en un lugar lejano = outstation.

* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.

* TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).

* UF (úsese en lugar de) = UF (use for).

* un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.

* variar de lugar a lugar = differ + from place to place.

* variar de un lugar a otro = vary + from place to place.

* visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.

* zona central de un lugar = heartland.

* * *

masculino

1) ( sitio) place

no es éste el lugar — this is not the place

en cualquier otro lugar — anywhere else

cambiar los muebles de lugar — to move the furniture around

en algún lugar — somewhere

consérvese en lugar fresco — keep in a cool place

el lugar del suceso — the scene of the incident

2) (localidad, región)

los habitantes del lugar — the local people

lugar y fecha de nacimiento — place and date of birth

3)

a) ( espacio libre) room

hacer lugar para alguien/algo — to make room o space for somebody/something

b) ( asiento) seat

4)

a) ( situación) place

yo en tu lugar... — if I were you...

ponte en mi lugar — put yourself in my place

b) (en organización, jerarquía) place

nadie puede ocupar el lugar de la madre — nobody can take a mother's place

según el lugar que ocupan en la lista — according to their position on the list

se clasificó en primer/quinto lugar — she finished in first/fifth place

5)

dar lugar a — (a una disputa, a comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

han dado lugar a que la gente hable — their behavior has set people talking

6) (Der)

no ha lugar la protesta — the objection is overruled

7) (en locs)

en lugar de — instead of

ella firmó en mi lugar — she signed on my behalf

en primer lugar: se tratarán en primer lugar they will be dealt with first; en primer lugar porque... first of all o firstly because...; en último lugar: y en último lugar... and finally o lastly...; a como dé/diera lugar (AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it any way we can; a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar one way or another I was going to get in; dejar a alguien en mal lugar to put somebody in an awkward position; poner a alguien en su lugar to put somebody in her/his place; sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly; tener lugar — to take place

•

- lugar común

* * *

= area, locality, location, place, locus [loci, -pl.], site, spot, slot.

Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

Ex: To overcome these problems users must think of all the various names that might have been applied, and must understand something of the geography and administration of the locality concerned.

Ex: Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.

Ex: Period and place can also be added to any heading, though there are restrictions on the latter: in certain subjects place takes preference over subject.

Ex: The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.

Ex: Here, families from many different communities were up-rooted and resettled on greenfield sites, many miles away from relatives and friends.

Ex: There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.

Ex: These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.

* asignar un lugar = give + Nombre + a place in.

* auxiliares de lugar = area table.

* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].

* cambio de lugar = relocation.

* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.

* colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.

* colocado en lugar erróneo = misplaced.

* colocar en el lugar donde = put in + the place where.

* colocar en su lugar = drop into + place.

* colocar en un lugar = put into + place.

* colocar en un lugar erróneo = misplace.

* confinado a un lugar concreto = site-bound.

* conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.

* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).

* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.

* dar lugar = produce.

* dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.

* dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.

* dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.

* dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.

* dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.

* de lugares más distantes = from further afield.

* demostrar sin lugar a dudas = prove + conclusively.

* desplazarse de un lugar a otro = move from + place to place.

* distribuido en varios lugares = multilocationed.

* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.

* emplazado en un lugar lejano = outstation.

* en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.

* en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.

* encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.

* en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.

* en cualquier otro lougar = everywhere else.

* en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else.

* en cuarto lugar = fourthly.

* en el lugar del accidente = at the scene of the accident.

* en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.

* en lugar de = as opposed to, in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.

* en lugar del accidente = at the scene.

* en lugar de otro = vicariously.

* en lugares cerrados = indoors.

* en ningún lugar = nowhere.

* en otro lugar = elsewhere, off-site [offsite].

* en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.

* en quinto lugar = fifthly.

* en segundo lugar = secondly, second-best [2nd-best], in the second place.

* en su lugar = instead, in + Posesivo + stead.

* en tercer lugar = thirdly, on the third hand.

* en un lugar central = centrally located.

* en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.

* en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.

* en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.

* en un lugar seguro = in a safe place, in safekeeping.

* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* fuera de lugar = out of place, uncalled-for.

* gallito del lugar, el = cock-of-the-walk.

* ganarse un lugar en el corazón de Alguien = win + a place in + heart.

* habitante del lugar = local, local resident.

* hacerse un lugar = carve out + a place.

* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyendo = mark + Posesivo + place.

* lugar acogedor = welcoming place.

* lugar aglomerado = crowded quarter.

* lugar ameno = locus amoenus.

* lugar atrasado = backwater.

* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.

* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.

* lugar cultural = cultural site.

* lugar de acampada = campsite [camp site], camping site, campground.

* lugar de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.

* lugar de celebración = venue.

* lugar de celebración del congreso = conference venue.

* lugar de cita = meeting ground.

* lugar de cría = breeding ground, breeding area.

* lugar de descanso = resting place.

* lugar de diversión = playground.

* lugar de encuentro = meeting place, meeting point, gathering place, tryst.

* lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.

* lugar de honor = pride of place.

* lugar de impresión = place of printing.

* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.

* lugar del crimen = scene of the crime.

* lugar de nacimiento = birthplace, place of birth.

* lugar de origen = locality of origin.

* lugar de parada = halting place.

* lugar de pasto = feeding ground.

* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.

* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.

* lugar de pruebas = test site.

* lugar de publicación = place of publication.

* lugar de recogida = pick-up location, pick-up point, drop-off point.

* lugar de residencia = place of residence.

* lugar destacado = prime space.

* lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, work setting, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.

* lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.

* lugar de vacaciones = tourist destination.

* lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.

* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.

* lugar en el mercado de venta = market niche.

* lugar en la ordenación = filing position.

* lugar escondido = secluded spot.

* lugares de interés = sights.

* lugar específico = niche.

* lugar físico = physical place.

* lugar frecuentado = hang out.

* lugar histórico = historic site, historical site.

* lugar interesante = hot spot.

* lugar oculto = hidden storage place, secret storage location, secret storage place, secret holding location, secret cell.

* lugar para comer = eating facility.

* lugar pintoresco = beauty spot.

* lugar privilegiado = place in the sun.

* lugar protegido = safe haven, safe harbour.

* lugar público = public place.

* lugar que le corresponde = Posesivo + rightful place.

* lugar que nos corresponde = place in the sun.

* lugar remoto = secluded spot.

* lugar resguardado del viento y soleado = suntrap.

* lugar seguro = safe haven, safe place.

* lugar visible = prime space.

* nombre de lugar = place name.

* no tener lugar = fall through.

* ocasión + dar lugar a = occasion + give rise to.

* ocupar el lugar de = take + the place of.

* ocupar el lugar de Alguien = take + Posesivo + place.

* ocupar un lugar = hold + a place, occupy + place.

* ocupar un lugar destacado para + Pronombre = stand + high on + Posesivo + list.

* ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.

* ocupar un lugar importante = take + pride of place.

* ocupar un lugar prioritario en los intereses de Alguien = rank + high on + Posesivo + agenda.

* ocupar un lugar privilegiado = have + pride of place.

* ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.

* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.

* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* primer lugar de consulta = first stop.

* que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.

* que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].

* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.

* residente del lugar = local resident.

* sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sin lugar a dudas = conclusively, undeniably, unquestionably, without any doubt, by all accounts, no mistake, no doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, to be sure.

* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.

* situado en primer lugar = top-rated.

* situado en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.

* situado en un lugar lejano = outstation.

* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.

* TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).

* UF (úsese en lugar de) = UF (use for).

* un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.

* variar de lugar a lugar = differ + from place to place.

* variar de un lugar a otro = vary + from place to place.

* visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.

* zona central de un lugar = heartland.

* * *

lugar

masculine

A (sitio) place

no es éste el lugar ni el momento oportuno para hablar de ello this is neither the time nor the place to discuss it

esto no está en su lugar this is not in its place, this is not where it should be o in the right place o where it belongs

en cualquier otro lugar la gente se hubiera echado a la calle anywhere else o in any other country, people would have taken to the streets

hemos cambiado los muebles de lugar we've moved the furniture around

tiene que estar en algún lugar it must be somewhere

guárdalo en un lugar seguro keep it in a safe place

[ S ] consérvese en lugar fresco keep in a cool place

se trasladaron al lugar del suceso they went to the scene of the incident

¿se te ocurre un lugar por aquí cerca donde podamos ir a comer? can you think of anywhere around here where we can go and eat?

B

(localidad, región): visité varios lugares I visited several places

los habitantes del lugar the local inhabitants o people

en un lugar de África somewhere in Africa

lugar y fecha de nacimiento place and date of birth

C

1

(espacio libre): ¿podrían hacer lugar para alguien más? could you make room o space for one more?

no hay lugar para nada más there's no room for anything else

aquí te dejé un lugar para que pongas tus cosas I left you some space here for you to put your things

2 (asiento) seat

D

1 (situación) place

ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place

yo en tu lugar no se lo diría I wouldn't tell her if I were you

¡ya quisiera verte en mi lugar! I'd like to see what you'd do in my place o position o ( colloq) shoes

2 (en una organización, jerarquía) place

el lugar que le corresponde her rightful place o position

nadie puede ocupar el lugar de una madre nobody can take a mother's place

según el lugar que ocupan en la lista according to their position on the list

en quinto lugar se clasificó el equipo australiano the Australian team finished fifth o in fifth place o in fifth position

E

dar lugar a (a una disputa) to provoke, give rise to, spark off; (a comentarios) to give rise to, provoke

han dado lugar a que la gente hable their behavior has got o set people talking

F ( Der):

no ha lugar la protesta the objection is overruled

G ( en locs):

en lugar de instead of

fue él en lugar de su hermano he went instead of his brother o in his brother's place

en lugar de hablar tanto podrías ayudar un poco instead of talking so much you might help a bit

¿puede firmar ella en mi lugar? can she sign for me o on my behalf

¿y si en lugar de ir nosotros viene él aquí? and how about him coming here rather than us going there?

en primer/segundo/último lugar: los temas que serán tratados en primer lugar the topics which will be dealt with first

no estoy de acuerdo, en primer lugar porque … I don't agree, first of all o firstly because …

y en último lugar, hablaremos de las posibles soluciones and finally o lastly, we will discuss possible solutions

a como dé/diera lugar ( AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it however possible o however they can

a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar al concierto one way or another I was going to get into the concert

dejar a algn en mal lugar to put sb in an awkward position

hacerse un lugar (en la vida) to get on in life

no dejar lugar a dudas: lo dijo con tal convicción que no dejó lugar a dudas sobre su sinceridad she said it with such conviction that there could be no doubt about her sincerity

poner a algn en su lugar to put sb in her/his place

sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly

tener lugar to take place

un lugar para cada cosa y cada cosa en su lugar a place for everything and everything in its place

Compuestos:

● lugar común

cliché, commonplace

● lugar geométrico

locus

* * *

lugar sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) place;
◊ este es el lugar this is the place;

en cualquier otro lugar anywhere else;
en algún lugar somewhere;
cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around;
el lugar del suceso the scene of the incident;
yo en tu lugar … if I were you …;
ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;
se clasificó en primer lugar she finished in first place
2 (localidad, región):
◊ los habitantes del lugar the local people;

lugar y fecha de nacimiento place and date of birth
3
a) ( espacio libre) room;

◊ hacer lugar para algn/algo to make room o space for sb/sth;

me hizo un lugar he made me some room
b) ( asiento) seat

4
◊ dar lugar a (a disputa, comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

5 ( en locs)
◊ en lugar de instead of;

ella firmó en mi lugar she signed on my behalf;
en primer lugar ( antes que nada) first of all, firstly;
en último lugar ( finalmente) finally, lastly;
sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly;
tener lugar to take place
lugar sustantivo masculino
1 place
la gente del lugar, the local people
en algún lugar del cuerpo/libro, in some part of the body/book
2 (ocasión) time: no hubo lugar para ello, there was no occasion for it
3 (motivo) occasion: dio lugar a un malentendido, it gave rise to a misunderstanding
♦ Locuciones: sentirse fuera de lugar to feel out of place
tener lugar, to take place
en lugar de, instead of
en mi/tu/su lugar..., if I/you/he were me/you/him...
en primer lugar, in the first place, firstly
sin lugar a dudas, without a doubt
' lugar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonada
- abandonado
- abandono
- abrigo
- acogedor
- acogedora
- acuartelamiento
- acudir
- airear
- alejada
- alejado
- allá
- allí
- antesala
- apartada
- apartado
- aquí
- archivo
- arena
- atrás
- baja
- bajo
- botar
- cabida
- caer
- celebrarse
- colocarse
- continuar
- damnificada
- damnificado
- darse
- definitivamente
- dejar
- delante
- dentro
- deprimida
- deprimido
- derecha
- desalojo
- desamparada
- desamparado
- desarrollarse
- desencadenar
- desencajada
- desencajado
- desentonar
- desfilar
- designar
- deslizarse
- despacho
English:
abroad
- agree
- be
- beauty spot
- birthplace
- breeding ground
- burial
- celebrate
- change
- climb
- come off
- commonplace
- commuter
- dental surgery
- designate
- desolation
- divert
- drive-through
- elsewhere
- equatorial
- erect
- everyplace
- ex
- first
- firstly
- foremost
- haunt
- high
- homeland
- in-service
- inch
- innermost
- innocent
- instead
- introduction
- landmark
- last
- lie
- lieu
- live in
- liven
- location
- lookout
- Mecca
- midterm
- misplaced
- mournful
- move back
- occupy
- palace

* * *

lugar

♦ nm

1. [sitio] place;
[del crimen, accidente] scene; [para acampar, merendar] spot;
encontraron una pistola en el lugar de los hechos they found a gun at the crime scene o scene of the crime;

¿en qué lugar habré metido las tijeras? where can I have put the scissors?;

en algún lugar somewhere;

no lo veo por ningún lugar I can't see it anywhere;

vuelve a ponerlo todo en su lugar put everything back where it belongs;

he cambiado el televisor de lugar I've moved the television;

estoy buscando un lugar donde pasar la noche I'm looking for somewhere to spend the night;

éste no es (el) lugar para discutir eso this is not the place to discuss that

Comp
lugar de anidación nesting site;
lugar de encuentro meeting place;

lugar de interés place of interest;

lugar de reunión meeting place;

lugar sagrado sanctum;

lugar de trabajo workplace

2. [localidad] place, town;

las gentes del lugar the local people;

ni los más viejos del lugar recuerdan algo semejante not even the oldest people there can remember anything like it

Comp
lugar de nacimiento [en biografía] birthplace; [en formulario, impreso] place of birth;
lugar de residencia [en formulario, impreso] place of residence;

lugar turístico Br holiday o US vacation resort;

lugar de veraneo summer resort

3. [puesto] position;

ocupa un lugar importante en la empresa she has an important position in the company, she is high up in the company;

¿puedes ir tú en mi lugar? can you go in my place?;

en primer/segundo lugar, quiero decir… in the first/second place, I would like to say…, firstly/secondly, I would like to say…;

llegó en primer/segundo lugar she finished o came first/second;

en último lugar, quiero decir… lastly o last, I would like to say…;

llegó en último lugar she came last;

ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;

yo en tu lugar if I were you

4. [espacio libre] room, space;

esta mesa ocupa mucho lugar this table takes up a lot of room o space;

aquí ya no hay lugar para más gente there's no room for anyone else here;

hacerle lugar a algo/alguien to make room o some space for sth/sb

5. lugar común platitude, commonplace

6. [ocasión]
dar lugar a [rumores, comentarios, debate, disputa] to give rise to;
[polémica] to spark off, to give rise to; [catástrofe] to lead to, to cause; [explosión, escape] to cause; Am
a como dé lugar whatever the cost, whatever it takes;
Der
no ha lugar objection overruled;

no hay lugar a duda there's no (room for) doubt;

sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly

7.
tener lugar to take place;

la recepción tendrá lugar en los jardines del palacio the reception will be held in the palace gardens

8. Comp

dejar en buen lugar: el cantante mexicano dejó en buen lugar a su país the Mexican singer did his country proud;

dejar en mal lugar: no nos dejes en mal lugar y pórtate bien be good and don't show us up;

estar fuera de lugar to be out of place;

poner a alguien en su lugar to put sb in his/her place;

poner las cosas en su lugar to set things straight

♦ en lugar de loc prep

instead of;

acudió en lugar de mí she came in my place o instead of me;

en lugar de la sopa, tomaré pasta I'll have the pasta instead of the soup;

en lugar de mirar, podrías echarnos una mano you could give us a hand rather than o instead of just standing/sitting there watching

* * *

lugar

m place;

en lugar de instead of;

en primer lugar in the first place, first(ly);

fuera de lugar out of place;

yo en tu lugar if I were you, (if I were) in your place;

ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;

dar lugar a give rise to;

tener lugar take place;

lugar de destino posting;

sin lugar a dudas without a doubt

* * *

lugar nm

1) : place, position

se llevó el primer lugar en su división: she took first place in her division

2) espacio: space, room

3)

dar lugar a : to give rise to, to lead to

4)

en lugar de : instead of

5)

lugar común : cliché, platitude

6)

tener lugar : to take place

* * *

lugar n place

es un lugar muy tranquilo it's a very quiet place

llegó en quinto lugar he finished in fifth place

un lugar donde sentarse a place to sit / somewhere to sit

dar lugar a to give rise to [pt. gave; pp. given]

en lugar de instead of

en primer lugar firstly / first of all

estar fuera de lugar (incómodo) out of place (inoportuno) inappropriate

tener lugar to take place

Spanish-English dictionary > lugar
6 nombre

m.

1 name (apelativo).

a nombre de addressed to; (carta) made out to (cheque)

de nombre Ricardo called Ricardo, Ricardo by name

en nombre de on behalf of

llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade

¿qué nombre le vas a poner al perro? what are you going to call the dog?

le pusieron el nombre de su abuelo they named him after o (British) for his grandfather (United States)

no tener nombre to be unspeakable

nombre y apellidos full name

nombre artístico/comercial stage/trade name

nombre de pila first o Christian name

nombre de soltera maiden name

nombre de usuario (computing) username

2 reputation (fama).

tener mucho nombre to be renowned o famous

3 noun (grammar).

nombre abstracto/colectivo abstract/collective noun

nombre común/propio common/proper noun

pres.subj.

1^st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: nombrar.

* * *

nombre

► nombre masculino

1 name

■ se le conoce más por el nombre de Pepe he's better known as Pepe

■ ¿este cheque va a su nombre? is this cheque in your name?

2 LINGÚÍSTICA noun

3 (fama) reputation

■ es un cirujano de nombre he is a well-known surgeon

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a nombre de in the name of

■ mándalo a nombre del director address it to the manager

■ va a nombre de todos nosotros it's addressed to all of us

■ abrimos una cuenta a nombre de los dos we opened a joint account

conocer a alguien de nombre to know somebody by name

en el nombre del Padre, del Hijo... in the name of the Father, the Son...

en nombre de on behalf of

llamar a las cosas por su nombre figurado to call a spade a spade

no tener nombre figurado to be unspeakable

nombre artístico stage name

nombre comercial trade name

nombre de guerra nom de guerre

nombre de pila first name, Christian name

nombre propio proper noun

nombre y apellidos full name sing

* * *

noun m.

1) name

2) noun

* * *

SM

1) [de persona, cosa] name

nombre y apellidos — name in full, full name

de rey no tenía más que el nombre — he was king in name only

• a nombre de, un sobre a nombre de... — an envelope addressed to...

no hay nadie a nombre de María — there's no one by the name of María

• bajo el nombre de — under the name of

• de nombre — by name

de nombre García — García by name

conocer a algn de nombre — to know sb by name

no existe sino de nombre — it exists in name only

era rey tan solo de nombre — he was king in name only

• en nombre de — in the name of, on behalf of

en nombre de la libertad — in the name of liberty

¡abran en nombre de la ley! — open up in the name of the law!

• poner nombre a — to call, name

¿qué nombre le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?

• por nombre — by the name of, called

• sin nombre — nameless

- llamar a las cosas por su nombre

no tener nombre —

su conducta no tiene nombre — his conduct is utterly despicable

nombre artístico — [de escritor] pen-name, nom de plume; [de actor] stage name

nombre comercial — trade name

nombre de bautismo — christian name, given name (EEUU)

nombre de familia — family name

nombre de fichero — (Inform) file name

nombre de lugar — place name

nombre de pila — first name, Christian name, given name (EEUU)

nombre de religión — name in religion

nombre de soltera — maiden name

nombre gentilicio — family name

nombre social — corporate name

2) (Ling) noun

nombre abstracto — abstract noun

nombre colectivo — collective noun

nombre común — common noun

nombre concreto — concrete noun

nombre propio — proper name

3) (=reputación) name, reputation

se ha hecho un nombre en el mundo editorial — she's made a name for herself in the world of publishing

tiene nombre en el mundo entero — it has a world-wide reputation

un médico de nombre — a famous o renowned doctor

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name

¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? — what's the name of the company?

nombre completo o nombre y apellidos — full name, name in full

¿qué nombre le pusieron? — what did they call him?

le pusieron el nombre de su padrino — they named him for (AmE) o (BrE) after his godfather

responde al nombre de Bobi — he answers to the name of Bobi

de nombre — by name

llamar a alguien por el nombre — to call somebody by their first name

en nombre de — ( en representación de) on behalf of; ( apelando a) in the name of

a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de... a package addressed to...; un cheque a nombre de... a check made payable to o made out to...; llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade; no tiene nombre: lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre — what she has done is unspeakable

b) ( sobrenombre)

a todos les pone nombre — he gives everybody nicknames

más conocida por el nombre de la Pasionaria — better known as la Pasionaria

- nombre artístico

- nombre comercial

- nombre de guerra or de batalla

- nombre de pila

- nombre de soltera

2) (Ling) noun

- nombre compuesto

- nombre propio

3) ( fama)

un científico de nombre — a renowned scientist

hacerse un nombre en la vida — to make a name for oneself

* * *

= label, name, nomenclature, noun, denomination.

Ex. There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.

Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.

Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.

Ex. Such lists will embody for example, singular or plural, nouns or adjectives.

Ex. This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.

----

* abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.

* acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.

* a nombre de = payable to.

* asignación de nombre = labelling [labeling, -USA].

* asignación de nombres = namespace.

* autoridad de nombre = name authority.

* barajar nombres = bandy + names.

* cambio de nombre = rebranding.

* clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.

* Cooperativa para Autoridades de Nombre (NACO) = Name Authority Cooperative (NACO).

* dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.

* dar el nombre = label.

* dar un nuevo nombre = rename.

* encabezamiento de nombre = name heading.

* encabezamiento de nombre corporativo = corporate name heading.

* encabezamiento de nombre personal = personal name heading.

* encabezamientos de nombre y título = name-title headings.

* en nombre de = in the name of, on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].

* entrada de nombre = name entry.

* entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.

* etiqueta con el nombre = name tag.

* extensión del nombre del fichero = file name extension.

* fichero de autoridades de nombres = name authority file.

* hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.

* hacer un pago a nombre de = make + payment payable to.

* índice de nombres = name index.

* inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.

* inicial del segundo nombre de pila de una persona = middle initial.

* llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.

* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.

* Nombre + a + Nombre = Nombre + by + Nombre.

* nombre completo = full name.

* nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.

* nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.

* nombre común = common name.

* nombre con prefijo = prefixed name.

* nombre convencional = conventional name.

* nombre corporativo = corporate name.

* nombre de acceso = login.

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* nombre de archivo = file name.

* nombre de autor = author name.

* nombre de casta = caste name.

* nombre de compañía = company name.

* nombre de dominio = domain name.

* nombre de fichero = filename.

* nombre del archivo = data set name.

* nombre del campo = field name.

* nombre del editor = publisher's name.

* nombre de lugar = place name.

* nombre de materia = subject name.

* nombre de nacimiento = née.

* nombre de pila = Christian name, first name, given name.

* nombre de pila segundo = middle name.

* nombre de pluma = pen name.

* nombre de usuario = user ID, username, user's name.

* nombre dinástico = dynastic name.

* nombre geográfico = geographic name, geographical name.

* Nombre + mío = Nombre + of mine.

* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.

* nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.

* nombre personal = personal name.

* nombre poco apropiado = misnomer.

* nombre predominante = predominant name.

* nombre propio = forename, given name, proper name.

* Nombre Propio + padre = senior + Nombre Propio.

* Nombre + que me rodea = Nombre + round me.

* Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.

* Nombre + relacionado con = Nombre + involved.

* Nombre + tras + Nombre = in + Nombre + after + Nombre, Nombre + after + Nombre.

* nombre verbal = verbal noun.

* nombre y apellidos = full name.

* pantalla de resumen de nombres = name summary screen.

* que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.

* que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.

* rellenar a nombre de = make out to.

* secuencia ordenada alfabéticamente por el nombre del autor = author sequence.

* sólo de nombre = in name only.

* todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.

* URN (Nombre Uniforme de Recursos) = URN (Uniform Resource Name).

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name

¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? — what's the name of the company?

nombre completo o nombre y apellidos — full name, name in full

¿qué nombre le pusieron? — what did they call him?

le pusieron el nombre de su padrino — they named him for (AmE) o (BrE) after his godfather

responde al nombre de Bobi — he answers to the name of Bobi

de nombre — by name

llamar a alguien por el nombre — to call somebody by their first name

en nombre de — ( en representación de) on behalf of; ( apelando a) in the name of

a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de... a package addressed to...; un cheque a nombre de... a check made payable to o made out to...; llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade; no tiene nombre: lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre — what she has done is unspeakable

b) ( sobrenombre)

a todos les pone nombre — he gives everybody nicknames

más conocida por el nombre de la Pasionaria — better known as la Pasionaria

- nombre artístico

- nombre comercial

- nombre de guerra or de batalla

- nombre de pila

- nombre de soltera

2) (Ling) noun

- nombre compuesto

- nombre propio

3) ( fama)

un científico de nombre — a renowned scientist

hacerse un nombre en la vida — to make a name for oneself

* * *

= label, name, nomenclature, noun, denomination.

Ex: There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.

Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.

Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.

Ex: Such lists will embody for example, singular or plural, nouns or adjectives.

Ex: This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.

* abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.

* acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.

* a nombre de = payable to.

* asignación de nombre = labelling [labeling, -USA].

* asignación de nombres = namespace.

* autoridad de nombre = name authority.

* barajar nombres = bandy + names.

* cambio de nombre = rebranding.

* clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.

* Cooperativa para Autoridades de Nombre (NACO) = Name Authority Cooperative (NACO).

* dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.

* dar el nombre = label.

* dar un nuevo nombre = rename.

* encabezamiento de nombre = name heading.

* encabezamiento de nombre corporativo = corporate name heading.

* encabezamiento de nombre personal = personal name heading.

* encabezamientos de nombre y título = name-title headings.

* en nombre de = in the name of, on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].

* entrada de nombre = name entry.

* entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.

* etiqueta con el nombre = name tag.

* extensión del nombre del fichero = file name extension.

* fichero de autoridades de nombres = name authority file.

* hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.

* hacer un pago a nombre de = make + payment payable to.

* índice de nombres = name index.

* inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.

* inicial del segundo nombre de pila de una persona = middle initial.

* llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.

* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.

* Nombre + a + Nombre = Nombre + by + Nombre.

* nombre completo = full name.

* nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.

* nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.

* nombre común = common name.

* nombre con prefijo = prefixed name.

* nombre convencional = conventional name.

* nombre corporativo = corporate name.

* nombre de acceso = login.

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* nombre de archivo = file name.

* nombre de autor = author name.

* nombre de casta = caste name.

* nombre de compañía = company name.

* nombre de dominio = domain name.

* nombre de fichero = filename.

* nombre del archivo = data set name.

* nombre del campo = field name.

* nombre del editor = publisher's name.

* nombre de lugar = place name.

* nombre de materia = subject name.

* nombre de nacimiento = née.

* nombre de pila = Christian name, first name, given name.

* nombre de pila segundo = middle name.

* nombre de pluma = pen name.

* nombre de usuario = user ID, username, user's name.

* nombre dinástico = dynastic name.

* nombre geográfico = geographic name, geographical name.

* Nombre + mío = Nombre + of mine.

* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.

* nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.

* nombre personal = personal name.

* nombre poco apropiado = misnomer.

* nombre predominante = predominant name.

* nombre propio = forename, given name, proper name.

* Nombre Propio + padre = senior + Nombre Propio.

* Nombre + que me rodea = Nombre + round me.

* Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.

* Nombre + relacionado con = Nombre + involved.

* Nombre + tras + Nombre = in + Nombre + after + Nombre, Nombre + after + Nombre.

* nombre verbal = verbal noun.

* nombre y apellidos = full name.

* pantalla de resumen de nombres = name summary screen.

* que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.

* que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.

* rellenar a nombre de = make out to.

* secuencia ordenada alfabéticamente por el nombre del autor = author sequence.

* sólo de nombre = in name only.

* todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.

* URN (Nombre Uniforme de Recursos) = URN (Uniform Resource Name).

* * *

nombre

masculine

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

A

1 (de una cosa) name

¿cuál es el nombre de la compañía? what's the name of the company?, what's the company called?

2 (de una persona, un animal) name

escriba su nombre completo or su nombre y apellidos write your full name o your name in full

¿qué nombre le pusieron? what did they call him?, what name did they give him?

le pusieron el nombre de su padrino they named him for ( AmE) o ( BrE) after his godfather

responde al nombre de Bobi he answers to the name of Bobi

nombre de mujer/varón girl's/boy's name

estudiante sólo de nombre student in name only

sólo lo conozco de nombre I only know him by name

cierto caballero de nombre Armando ( frml o hum); a certain gentleman by the name of Armando ( frmlor hum)

llamar a algn por el nombre to call sb by their first name

en nombre de (en representación de) in ( AmE) o on ( esp BrE) behalf of; (apelando a) in the name of

en nombre del director y en el mío propio in o on behalf of the director and myself

en nombre de la justicia/libertad in the name of justice/freedom

en el nombre del Padre y del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit o Ghost ( ant)

a nombre de: un paquete a nombre de … a package addressed to …

un cheque a nombre de … a check made payable to o made out to …

llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade

no tiene nombre: lo que les ha hecho a sus padres no tiene nombre what she has done to her parents is unspeakable o despicable

tu egoísmo no tiene nombre your selfishness is beyond belief

3

(sobrenombre): a todos los profesores les pone nombre he gives all the teachers nicknames

más conocida por el nombre de la Pasionaria better known as la Pasionaria

Compuestos:

● nombre artístico

stage name

● nombre comercial

trade name

● nombre de archivo or fichero

( Inf) file name

● nombre de dominio

( Inf) domain name

● nombre de guerra or ( AmL) de batalla

nom de guerre

● nombre de lugar

place name

● nombre de pila

first name, given name, Christian name

● nombre de pluma

nom de plume

● nombre de ruta

( Inf) pathname

● nombre de soltera

maiden name

● nombre de usuario

( Inf) username, user identification

B ( Ling) noun

Compuestos:

● nombre colectivo

collective noun

● nombre compuesto

compound

● nombre común

common noun

● nombre contable

countable noun

● nombre masivo or no contable

uncountable o mass noun

● nombre propio

proper noun

C

1

(fama): un científico de nombre a renowned o famous o well-known scientist

un pianista de nombre en el mundo entero a pianist with a worldwide reputation o famous the world over

hacerse un nombre en la vida to make a name for oneself

bueno¹ (↑ bueno (1))

2 (persona célebre) name

uno de los grandes nombres de nuestra historia one of the great names in our history

* * *

Del verbo nombrar: ( conjugate nombrar)

nombré es:

1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

nombre es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
nombrar
nombre
nombrar ( conjugate nombrar) verbo transitivo
a) (citar, mencionar) to mention;

◊ no lo volvió a nombre she never mentioned his name o him again

b) ( designar) to appoint

nombre sustantivo masculino
a) (de cosa, persona, animal) name;

◊ nombre y apellidos full name, name in full;

nombre artístico stage name;
nombre de pila first name, christian name;
nombre de soltera maiden name;
¿qué nombre le pusieron? what did they call him?;
lo conozco de nombre I know him by name;
en nombre de ( en representación de) on behalf of;

( apelando a) in the name of;
◊ a nombre de ‹paquete/carta› made payable to, made out to;

lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre what she has done is unspeakable
b) (Ling) noun;

◊ nombre compuesto compound noun

c) ( fama):

◊ un científico de nombre a renowned scientist;

hacerse un nombre en la vida to make a name for oneself
nombrar verbo transitivo
1 (para un cargo) to appoint: le nombraron secretario general, he was appointed secretary general
nombrar a dedo, to handpick
2 (mencionar) to name, mention: ¡a ése ni me lo nombres!, don't even mention his name!
nombre sustantivo masculino
1 name: ¿cuál es su nombre de pila?, what's his Christian/first name? ➣ Ver nota en name 2 Ling noun
♦ Locuciones: llamar a las cosas por su nombre, to speak plainly
a nombre de, addressed to
en nombre de algo/alguien, on behalf of sthg/sb
' nombre' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abdomen
- actor
- alta
- alto
- Amberes
- Andorra
- aparecer
- buen
- cerdo
- chalet
- complemento
- cordera
- cordero
- decir
- durante
- ensuciar
- escriturar
- esculpir
- falsa
- falso
- fulana
- fulano
- guerra
- impronunciable
- infelicidad
- kamikaze
- Kuwait
- la
- ligarse
- llamar
- manchar
- monte
- no
- nominalmente
- Pakistán
- palmípeda
- palmípedo
- Paquistán
- París
- Pequín
- Persia
- Perú
- pila
- poner
- recibir
- recordar
- rey
- señor
- Sofía
English:
abandon
- abandoned
- abbey
- abbot
- abbreviation
- ABC
- abdication
- abdomen
- aberration
- ability
- abolition
- aborigine
- abrasive
- absence
- absentee
- absorption
- abstainer
- abstention
- abstinence
- abundance
- abuse
- abyss
- academic
- academic year
- academy
- acceleration
- accelerator
- accent
- acceptance
- access
- access road
- accessory
- accident
- acclaim
- accomplice
- accomplishment
- accord
- accordance
- accordion
- account
- accountancy
- accountant
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accusation
- accused
- ace
- acetate
- acetone
- ache

* * *

nombre nm

1. [apelativo] name;

un vecino, de quien no diré el nombre, avisó a la policía a neighbour, who shall remain nameless, told the police;

a nombre de [carta, sobre, paquete] addressed to;
[cheque] made out to; [cuenta bancaria] in the name of; [propiedades] belonging to;
el apartamento está a su nombre the Br flat o US apartment is in his name;

quiero abrir una cuenta a nombre de mi hijo I'd like to open an account for my son;

se le conoce con el nombre de laparoscopia it is known as a laparoscopy;

de nombre Juan called Juan;

en nombre de [representando a] on behalf of;

en (el) nombre de Dios/de la democracia in the name of God/democracy;

en el nombre del Padre… [al rezar] in the name of the Father…;

llamar a alguien por el nombre to call sb by his/her first name;

lleva o [m5]tiene por nombre… it is known as…, it is called…;

¿qué nombre le vas a poner al perro? what are you going to call the dog?;

le pusieron el nombre de su abuelo they named him Br after o US for his grandfather;

santificado sea tu nombre [en padrenuestro] hallowed be thy name;
Hum
esto de jardín sólo tiene el nombre you call this a garden?;

como su propio nombre indica… as its name indicates o suggests…;

Comp

llamar a las cosas por su nombre to call a spade a spade;

Comp

no tener nombre [ser indignante] to be outrageous

Comp
nombre y apellidos full name;
nombre artístico stage name;
Am nombre de batalla nom de guerre;
nombre científico [de planta, animal] scientific name;

nombre comercial trade name;

nombre completo full name;

nombre compuesto = two-part Christian name;

nombre común [de planta, animal] common name;
Informát nombre de dominio domain name;
nombre de guerra nom de guerre;

nombre de lugar place name;

nombre de pila first o Christian name;

nombre de soltera maiden name;
Informát nombre de usuario user name
2. [fama] name, reputation;

hacerse un nombre (como) to make a name for oneself (as);

manchar el buen nombre de alguien/algo to tarnish sb's/sth's good name;

tener buen/mal nombre to have a good/bad name;

tener mucho nombre to be renowned o famous

3. Gram noun

Comp
nombre abstracto abstract noun;
nombre colectivo collective noun;

nombre común common noun;

nombre propio proper noun

* * *

nombre

m

1 name;

un barco de nombre desconocido a boat whose name is not known, an unknown boat;

un caballo de nombre Arquero a horse by the name of Arquero, a horse called Arquero;

es abogado sólo de nombre he is a lawyer in name only;

de nombre amenazador with a threatening sounding name;

llamar las cosas por su nombre call a spade a spade;

no tener nombre fig be inexcusable

2 GRAM noun

* * *

nombre nm

1) : name

nombre de pluma: pseudonym, pen name

en nombre: on behalf of

sin nombre: nameless

2) : noun

nombre propio: proper noun

3) : fame, renown

* * *

nombre n

1. (en general) name

no conozco el nombre de esta flor I don't know the name of this flower

2. (sustantivo) noun

"gato" es un nombre "cat" is a noun

en nombre de on behalf of

nombre de pila first name / Christian name

nombre y apellidos full name

Spanish-English dictionary > nombre
7 denominación

f.

1 denomination, name.

2 sect.

* * *

denominación

► nombre femenino

1 (acción) denomination, naming

2 (nombre) denomination, name

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

denominación de origen (vinos) guarantee of origin, ≈ appellation d'origine contrôlée

* * *

SF

1) (=acto) naming

2) (=nombre) name, designation

denominación social — Méx official company name

3) [de billete] denomination

moneda de baja denominación — LAm low value coin
DENOMINACIÓN DE ORIGEN The Denominación de Origen, abbreviated to D.O., is a prestigious product classification which is awarded to food products such as wines, cheeses, sausages and hams that are produced in designated Spanish regions according to stringent production criteria. D.O. labels serve as a guarantee of quality.
* * *

femenino

a) (frml) ( nombre) name

b) ( acción) naming

- denominación de origen

* * *

= designation, label, labelling [labeling, -USA], appellation, denomination.

Ex. The designation should be clearly separated from the variant heading itself by means of punctuation or typography.

Ex. There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.

Ex. Labelling of subjects presents problems mainly because, in order to achieve a user-orientated approach, the various approaches of different users must be catered for.

Ex. The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.

Ex. This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.

----

* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).

* denominación del puesto de trabajo = job title, occupational title.

* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).

* denominación general = umbrella term.

* * *

femenino

a) (frml) ( nombre) name

b) ( acción) naming

- denominación de origen

* * *

= designation, label, labelling [labeling, -USA], appellation, denomination.

Ex: The designation should be clearly separated from the variant heading itself by means of punctuation or typography.

Ex: There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.

Ex: Labelling of subjects presents problems mainly because, in order to achieve a user-orientated approach, the various approaches of different users must be catered for.

Ex: The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.

Ex: This paper presents a survey of denominations used by industrial property offices for the various kinds of patent documents published by them.

* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).

* denominación del puesto de trabajo = job title, occupational title.

* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).

* denominación general = umbrella term.

* * *

denominación

feminine

A

1 ( frml) (nombre) name

Compuestos:

● denominación de origen

guarantee of origin and quality of a wine

● denominación social

company name

2 (acción) naming

B ( AmL) ( Fin) denomination

billete de baja denominación small-denomination bill ( AmE) o ( BrE) note

* * *

denominación sustantivo femenino denomination
denominación de origen, (vinos y alimentos) guarantee of origin
' denominación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
origen
English:
appellation
- champagne
- denomination

* * *

denominación nf

1. [nombre] name

Comp
denominación de origen = certification that a product (e.g. wine) comes from a particular region and conforms to certain quality standards
2. [confesión religiosa] denomination

3. Am [valor] low denomination note

DENOMINACIÓN DE IGEN

Originally designed as a guarantee of the place of origin and quality of wine, the Denominación de Origen is now also used for other products such as cheeses, vegetables, olive oil, fruit and meat, especially where the production of a particular region is highly regarded (as in the case of olive oil from Jaén, Manchego cheese, or Jabugo cured ham). EU law now regulates the use of such labelling.

* * *

denominación

f name

* * *

denominación nf, pl - ciones

1) : name, designation

2) : denomination (of money)

Spanish-English dictionary > denominación
8 espíritu empresarial

m.

entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurship, aggressiveness.

* * *

(n.) = entrepreneurship, business acumen

Ex. Various categories of entrepreneurship have been identified -- the idealist, the inventor, the organiser and the innovator -- of which the last two types can exist within the library environment.

Ex. They have business acumen -- the ability to focus on the basics and make money for the company.

* * *

(n.) = entrepreneurship, business acumen

Ex: Various categories of entrepreneurship have been identified -- the idealist, the inventor, the organiser and the innovator -- of which the last two types can exist within the library environment.

Ex: They have business acumen -- the ability to focus on the basics and make money for the company.

Spanish-English dictionary > espíritu empresarial
9 representación

f.

1 representation, behalf.

2 performance, play, acting, interpretation.

3 representation, mental picture.

4 representation, picture.

5 theatrical, performance, dramatic performance.

* * *

representación

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) representation

■ tiene la representación de esta marca he represents this firm

2 TEATRO performance

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en representación de as a representative of, representing

* * *

noun f.

1) performance

2) representation

•

- en representación de

* * *

SF

1) [de concepto, idea, imagen] representation

la representación gráfica — the graphic representation

en este cuadro el buitre es una representación de la muerte — in this painting the vulture represents death

2) [de país, pueblo, organización] (=acto) representation; (=delegación) delegation

partidos políticos con representación parlamentaria — political parties represented in parliament

en el congreso había una nutrida representación de empresarios — there was a large representation of businessmen at the conference

la representación española en la feria — the Spanish delegation at the fair

en representación de: el abogado que actúa en representación del banco — the lawyer representing the bank

me invitaron a ir en representación de la empresa — they invited me to go as a representative of the company, they invited me to go to represent the company

habló en representación de todos — she spoke on behalf of everyone

representación diplomática — (=actividad) diplomatic representation; (=oficina) embassy

representación legal — (=acto) legal representation; (=abogado) lawyer(s)

la representación legal del acusado — (=acto) the defendant's legal representation; (=abogado) the lawyers representing the defendant, the defendant's lawyers

representación proporcional — proportional representation

3) (Teat) (=función) performance; (=montaje) production

durante una representación teatral — during a theatre performance

una representación financiada por el Patronato de Turismo — a production financed by the Tourist Board

4) (Com) representation

ha conseguido la representación de varias firmas farmacéuticas — he has managed to become an agent for various pharmaceutical companies, he has managed to obtain the representation of various pharmaceutical companies

tener la representación exclusiva de un producto — to be sole agent for a product, have sole agency of a product frm

5) † (=súplica)

hacer representaciones a algn — to make representations to sb frm

6) †† (=importancia) standing

un hombre de representación — a man of some standing

* * *

femenino

1) ( acción)

asistió en representación del Rey — she attended as the King's representative

en representación de mis compañeros — on behalf of my companions

tiene a su cargo la representación de una editorial — he represents a publishing house

2) ( delegación) delegation

3) (Teatr) performance, production

4)

a) ( símbolo) representation

b) ( imagen) illustration

hacerse una representación mental de algo — to picture something

c) ( muestra) sample

* * *

= map, mapping, picture, representation, typification, depiction, enactment, portrayal, embodiment, staging, simulacrum, re-enactment [reenactment], performance.

Ex. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.

Ex. Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.

Ex. No pretence is made of their being either a balanced or complete picture of the article.

Ex. An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.

Ex. Institutionalization occurs whenever there is a reciprocal typification of habitualized actions by types of actors.

Ex. Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.

Ex. To re-emphasize a point that cannot be over-emphasized: reading aloud to children of all ages is vital, if for no other reason, because this is the way we learn how to turn cold print into a dramatic enactment in the theater of our imagination.

Ex. Pictorial sources are created by the portrayal of historical events or subjects using, inter alia, a paint brush, drawing-pen, or pencil, graphic techniques or the camera.

Ex. At first, large public libraries organised readers' advisory services as the embodiment of library adult education.

Ex. The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.

Ex. The author examines the history of the image, understood as personal simulacrum and cult object.

Ex. And literature is part of that essential human behavior; it engages us in pre-enactments and re-enactments.

Ex. A miniature score is a musical score nor primarily intended for performance use, with type reduced in size.

----

* acoger bajo la representación de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.

* en representación de = on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].

* falta de representación = under-representation [underrepresentation].

* guión de representación teatral = scenario.

* no tener representación = be unrepresented.

* organismo que actúa en representación de otros = umbrella.

* organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.

* poder de representación = power of representation.

* representación ante el juzgado = representation at tribunal.

* representación bibliométrica = bibliometric mapping.

* representación del contenido = content representation.

* representación del contenido temático = subject representation.

* representación de personas profanas en la materia = lay representation.

* representación en bits = bit-map.

* representación errónea = misrepresentation.

* representación esquemática = schematic, rich picture.

* representación gráfica = graphic display.

* representación jerárquica = hierarchical display.

* representación mediante diagramas = rich picture.

* representación mediante mapas mentales = cocitation mapping, mind mapping.

* representación óptica médica = medical imaging.

* representación óptica por resonancia magnética = magnetic resonance imaging.

* representación pictórica = pictorial representation.

* representación proporcional = proportionate representation, proportional representation.

* representación teatral = play performance, play making [play-making], stage show, theatrical performance.

* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.

* sin representación = unrepresented.

* visita de representación = sales call.

* voto mediante representación = proxy vote.

* * *

femenino

1) ( acción)

asistió en representación del Rey — she attended as the King's representative

en representación de mis compañeros — on behalf of my companions

tiene a su cargo la representación de una editorial — he represents a publishing house

2) ( delegación) delegation

3) (Teatr) performance, production

4)

a) ( símbolo) representation

b) ( imagen) illustration

hacerse una representación mental de algo — to picture something

c) ( muestra) sample

* * *

= map, mapping, picture, representation, typification, depiction, enactment, portrayal, embodiment, staging, simulacrum, re-enactment [reenactment], performance.

Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.

Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.

Ex: No pretence is made of their being either a balanced or complete picture of the article.

Ex: An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.

Ex: Institutionalization occurs whenever there is a reciprocal typification of habitualized actions by types of actors.

Ex: Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.

Ex: To re-emphasize a point that cannot be over-emphasized: reading aloud to children of all ages is vital, if for no other reason, because this is the way we learn how to turn cold print into a dramatic enactment in the theater of our imagination.

Ex: Pictorial sources are created by the portrayal of historical events or subjects using, inter alia, a paint brush, drawing-pen, or pencil, graphic techniques or the camera.

Ex: At first, large public libraries organised readers' advisory services as the embodiment of library adult education.

Ex: The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.

Ex: The author examines the history of the image, understood as personal simulacrum and cult object.

Ex: And literature is part of that essential human behavior; it engages us in pre-enactments and re-enactments.

Ex: A miniature score is a musical score nor primarily intended for performance use, with type reduced in size.

* acoger bajo la representación de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.

* en representación de = on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].

* falta de representación = under-representation [underrepresentation].

* guión de representación teatral = scenario.

* no tener representación = be unrepresented.

* organismo que actúa en representación de otros = umbrella.

* organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.

* poder de representación = power of representation.

* representación ante el juzgado = representation at tribunal.

* representación bibliométrica = bibliometric mapping.

* representación del contenido = content representation.

* representación del contenido temático = subject representation.

* representación de personas profanas en la materia = lay representation.

* representación en bits = bit-map.

* representación errónea = misrepresentation.

* representación esquemática = schematic, rich picture.

* representación gráfica = graphic display.

* representación jerárquica = hierarchical display.

* representación mediante diagramas = rich picture.

* representación mediante mapas mentales = cocitation mapping, mind mapping.

* representación óptica médica = medical imaging.

* representación óptica por resonancia magnética = magnetic resonance imaging.

* representación pictórica = pictorial representation.

* representación proporcional = proportionate representation, proportional representation.

* representación teatral = play performance, play making [play-making], stage show, theatrical performance.

* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.

* sin representación = unrepresented.

* visita de representación = sales call.

* voto mediante representación = proxy vote.

* * *

representación

feminine

A

(acción): asistió en representación del Rey she attended as the King's representative

en representación de mis compañeros on behalf of my companions

tiene a su cargo la representación de una editorial he represents a publishing house

B (delegación) delegation

Compuestos:

● representación diplomática

diplomatic representation

● representación proporcional

proportional representation

C ( Teatr) performance, production

D

1 (símbolo) representation

la representación escrita de un sonido the written representation of a sound

2 (imagen) illustration

se hizo una representación mental de la escena she pictured the scene in her mind, she conjured up a mental picture of the scene

3 (muestra) sample

de su obra hay una escasa representación en nuestras pinacotecas there are few examples of his work in our galleries

E

( Esp period) (categoría): [ S ] oficinas alta representación luxury office accommodation

F representaciones fpl ( frml) (peticiones) representations (pl)

hacer representaciones ante algn to make representations to sb

* * *

representación sustantivo femenino
1 ( acción) representation;
◊ representación legal legal representation;

asistió en representación del Rey she attended as the King's representative;
en representación de mis compañeros on behalf of my companions
2 ( delegación) delegation
3 (Teatr) performance, production
4 ( símbolo) representation
representación sustantivo femenino
1 (de una imagen, idea, etc) representation, illustration
2 (de personas) delegation
3 Teat performance
4 Com dealership
5 Pol representación proporcional, proportional representation
♦ Locuciones: en representación, as a representative o on behalf [de, of]
' representación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
delegación
- espectáculo
- figura
- idea
- ilusión
- pintura
- sentenciar
- teatral
- terráquea
- terráqueo
- dibujo
- nombre
English:
command performance
- depiction
- deputize
- expense
- favourably
- performance
- portrayal
- presentation
- production
- proportional representation
- representation
- spectacle
- VDU
- disenfranchise
- proportional
- under-

* * *

representación nf

1. [símbolo, imagen, ejemplo] representation;

no me hago una representación clara de lo que ocurrió I haven't got a clear picture of what happened;

la paloma es una representación de la paz the dove is a symbol of peace

2. [delegación] representation;

en representación de on behalf of;

acudió a la reunión en representación de sus compañeros he attended the meeting on behalf of his colleagues, he represented his colleagues at the meeting

3. Pol representación mayoritaria majority rule;

representación proporcional proportional representation

4. Teatro performance;

una obra de difícil representación a difficult play to perform;

representación única one-night stand

5. Com representation;

tener la representación de to act as a representative for

* * *

representación

f

1 representation

2 TEA performance

3 ( delegación)

:

en representación de on behalf of

* * *

representación nf, pl - ciones

1) : representation

2) : performance

3)

en representación de : on behalf of

* * *

representación n

1. (de una obra) performance

esta comedia ha llegado a las 500 representaciones this comedy has reached 500 performances

2. (imagen, idea) symbol

esa estatua es la representación de la justicia that statue is the symbol of justice

Spanish-English dictionary > representación
10 инновация
1. innovation
инновация
1. Вложение средств в экономику, обеспечивающее смену поколений техники и технологии.
2. Новая техника, технология, являющиеся результатом достижений научно-технического прогресса. Развитие изобретательства, появление пионерских и крупных изобретений является существенным фактором инновации.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/buh/index.html]

инновация
1.- См статью Иннновации, 2. — результат вложения средств (инвестиций) в разработку новой техники и технологии, во внедрение новых форм бизнеса, современных методов работы на рынке, новых товаров и услуг, финансовых инструментов.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Partners in technology
New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers

Партнеры по технологии
Новые уроки сотрудничества с заказчиками

ABB’s predecessor companies, ASEA and BBC, were founded almost 120 years ago in a time when electromagnetism and Maxwell’s equations were considered “rocket science.” Since then several technological transitions have occurred and ABB has successfully outlived them all while many other companies vanished at some point along the way. This has been possible because of innovation and a willingness to learn from history. Understanding historical connections between products, technology and industrial economics is extremely Partners in technology New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers George A. Fodor, Sten Linder, Jan-Erik Ibstedt, Lennart Thegel, Fredrik Norlund, Håkan Wintzell, Jarl Sobel important when planning future technologies and innovations.

Предшественницы АББ, компании ASEA и BBC, были основаны почти 120 лет назад, в то время, когда электромагнетизм и уравнения Максвелла считались «космическими технологиями». С тех пор прошло несколько технических революций и АББ успешно пережила их все, в то время как многие другие компании затерялись по дороге. Это стало возможным, благодаря постоянным инновациям и стремлению учиться на уроках истории. Для планирования будущих технологий и инноваций огромную роль играет понимание исторических взаимосвязей между продуктами, технологиями и экономикой

These connections rely on information channels in companies and their existence cannot be underestimated if a company is to survive. An organization can acquire more information than any one individual, and the optimal use of this information depends on the existence and types of communication channels between those working in a company and the relevant people outside it.

Эти взаимосвязи опираются на существующие в компании информационные каналы и, если компания намерена выжить, их значение нельзя недооценивать. Организация может накопить значительно больше информации, чем любой отдельный человек, и оптимальное использование этой информации зависит от наличия и типов коммуникационных каналов между работниками компании и причастными людьми за ее пределами.

Force Measurement, a division of ABB AB, has a long tradition of innovation. Thanks to strong ties with its customers, suppliers, research institutes and universities, Force Measurement provides state-of-the-art equipment for accurate and reliable measurement and control in a broad range of applications. At the same time, established principles such as Maxwell’s equations continue to be applied in new and surprisingly innovative ways to produce products that promote long-term growth and increased competitiveness.

Группа измерения компании АББ имеет давние традиции использования инноваций. Благодаря прочным связям с заказчиками, поставщиками, исследовательскими институтами и университетами, она создает уникальное оборудование для точных и надежных измерений в самых разных областях. В то же время незыблемые принципы, подобные уравнениям Максвелла, продолжают применяться новыми и удивительно инновационными способами, позволяя создавать продукты, обеспечивающие устойчивый рост и высокую конкурентоспособность.

Innovation is a key factor if companies and their customers are to survive what can only be called truly testing times. The target of innovation is to find and implement ideas that reshape industries, reinvent markets and redesign value chains, and many of these ideas come from innovative customers.

Если компания и ее заказчики намерены пережить тяжелые времена, то основное внимание следует обратить на инновации. Целью инноваций является поиск и воплощение идей, позволяющих перевернуть промышленность, заново открыть рынки и перестроить стоимостные цепочки, причем многие из этих идей поступают от заказчиков.

Key to successful innovation is communication or the types of information channels employed by firms [1, 2]. A global company like ABB, with offices and factories spanning 90 countries, faces many challenges in maintaining information channels. First of all, there are the internal challenges. Ideas need to be evaluated from many different perspectives to determine their overall impact on the market. Selecting the most effective ones requires expertise and teamwork from the various business, marketing and technology competence groups. Just as important are the channels of communication that exist between ABB, and its customers and suppliers.

Секрет успешных инноваций кроется в типах используемых фирмой информационных каналов [1, 2]. Глобальные компании, подобные АББ, с офисами и заводами более чем в 90 странах, сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами управления информационными каналами. Во-первых, существуют внутренние проблемы. Чтобы определить ценность идеи и ее общее влияние на рынок, ее нужно подвергнуть всесторонней оценке. Выбор наиболее эффективных идей требует коллективной работы различных экономических, маркетинговых и технологических групп. Не менее важны и коммуникационные каналы между компанией АББ и ее заказчиками и поставщиками.

Many of ABB’s customers come from countries that are gradually developing strong technology and scientific cultures thanks to major investments in very ambitious research programs. China and India, for example, are two such countries. In fact, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is currently conducting research projects in all state of-the-art technologies. Countries in Africa and Eastern Europe are capitalizing on their pool of young talent to create a culture of technology development. Emerging markets, while welcome, mean stiffer competition, and competition to companies like ABB encourages even greater levels of innovation

Многие заказчики АББ пришли из стран, постоянно развивающих сильную технологию и научную культуру путем крупных инвестиций в грандиозные исследовательские программы. К таким странам относятся, например, Индия и Китай. На самом деле, Китайская академия наук ведет исследования по всем перспективным направлениям. Страны Африки и Восточной Европы делают ставку на молодые таланты, которым предстоит создавать культуру технологического развития. Новые рынки, хоть и привлекательны, ужесточают конкуренцию, а конкуренция с такими компаниями, как АББ способствует повышению уровня инноваций.

Many customers, similar stories Backed by 120 years of technological development and experience, ABB continues to produce products and services in many automation, power generation and robotics fields, and the examples described in the following section illustrate this broad customer range.

Заказчиков много, история одна
Опираясь более чем на 120-летний опыт технологического развития, АББ продолжает выпускать продукты и оказывать услуги во многих отраслях, связанных с автоматизацией, генерацией энергии и робототехникой. Приведенные далее при меры иллюстрируют широкий диапазон таких заказчиков.

Тематики

бухгалтерский учет
экономика

EN

innovation

3.1.29 инновация (innovation): Конечный результат инновационной деятельности, получивший реализацию в виде нового или усовершенствованного продукта, реализуемого на рынке, нового или усовершенствованного технологического процесса, используемого в практической деятельности.

Источник: ГОСТ Р 54147-2010: Стратегический и инновационный менеджмент. Термины и определения оригинал документа

Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инновация
11 innovation
1. инновация
2. инновации
инновации
1. Процесс создания и освоения новых технологий и продуктов, приводящий к повышению эффективности производства. 2. Новая техника, технологии, являющиеся результатом научно-технического прогресса. Инновации, в современных условиях, достигаются преимущественно путем инвестиций в нематериальные активы (НИОКР, информационные технологии, переподготовку кадров, привлечение покупателей) Инновации в самом общем смысле, прежде всего, делятся на два класса: инновации процесса и инновации продукта, хотя они тесно связаны между собой; возможно как изготовление нового продукта старыми методами, так и изготовление старого продукта новыми методами – и наоборот. Не следует смешивать понятия инноваций и изобретений. Второе – более узко, относится к технике и технологии. Однако порою простая реорганизация производства ( а это организационная инновация) может принести не меньший экономический эффект, чем изобретение, техническое усовершенствование. Инновации – основа и движущая сила научно-технического прогресса во всех его видах: трудосберегающего, капиталосберегающего, нейтрального. Основоположник теории инноваций австрийский экономист Й.Шумпетер утверждал, что двигателем экономического развития выступает предприимчивость, выражающаяся в постоянном поиске новых комбинаций факторов производства, дающих предпринимателю возможность получать прибыль, большую по сравнению со средней. Все инновации связаны с большой долей риска. Но известно и другое: отказ от инноваций является еще более рисковым делом, поскольку ведет к замедлению научно-технического прогресса и экономического роста в целом.См. Диффузия инноваций.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

Тематики
- экономика
EN
- innovation
инновация
1. Вложение средств в экономику, обеспечивающее смену поколений техники и технологии.
2. Новая техника, технология, являющиеся результатом достижений научно-технического прогресса. Развитие изобретательства, появление пионерских и крупных изобретений является существенным фактором инновации.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/buh/index.html]

инновация
1.- См статью Иннновации, 2. — результат вложения средств (инвестиций) в разработку новой техники и технологии, во внедрение новых форм бизнеса, современных методов работы на рынке, новых товаров и услуг, финансовых инструментов.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Partners in technology
New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers

Партнеры по технологии
Новые уроки сотрудничества с заказчиками

ABB’s predecessor companies, ASEA and BBC, were founded almost 120 years ago in a time when electromagnetism and Maxwell’s equations were considered “rocket science.” Since then several technological transitions have occurred and ABB has successfully outlived them all while many other companies vanished at some point along the way. This has been possible because of innovation and a willingness to learn from history. Understanding historical connections between products, technology and industrial economics is extremely Partners in technology New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers George A. Fodor, Sten Linder, Jan-Erik Ibstedt, Lennart Thegel, Fredrik Norlund, Håkan Wintzell, Jarl Sobel important when planning future technologies and innovations.

Предшественницы АББ, компании ASEA и BBC, были основаны почти 120 лет назад, в то время, когда электромагнетизм и уравнения Максвелла считались «космическими технологиями». С тех пор прошло несколько технических революций и АББ успешно пережила их все, в то время как многие другие компании затерялись по дороге. Это стало возможным, благодаря постоянным инновациям и стремлению учиться на уроках истории. Для планирования будущих технологий и инноваций огромную роль играет понимание исторических взаимосвязей между продуктами, технологиями и экономикой

These connections rely on information channels in companies and their existence cannot be underestimated if a company is to survive. An organization can acquire more information than any one individual, and the optimal use of this information depends on the existence and types of communication channels between those working in a company and the relevant people outside it.

Эти взаимосвязи опираются на существующие в компании информационные каналы и, если компания намерена выжить, их значение нельзя недооценивать. Организация может накопить значительно больше информации, чем любой отдельный человек, и оптимальное использование этой информации зависит от наличия и типов коммуникационных каналов между работниками компании и причастными людьми за ее пределами.

Force Measurement, a division of ABB AB, has a long tradition of innovation. Thanks to strong ties with its customers, suppliers, research institutes and universities, Force Measurement provides state-of-the-art equipment for accurate and reliable measurement and control in a broad range of applications. At the same time, established principles such as Maxwell’s equations continue to be applied in new and surprisingly innovative ways to produce products that promote long-term growth and increased competitiveness.

Группа измерения компании АББ имеет давние традиции использования инноваций. Благодаря прочным связям с заказчиками, поставщиками, исследовательскими институтами и университетами, она создает уникальное оборудование для точных и надежных измерений в самых разных областях. В то же время незыблемые принципы, подобные уравнениям Максвелла, продолжают применяться новыми и удивительно инновационными способами, позволяя создавать продукты, обеспечивающие устойчивый рост и высокую конкурентоспособность.

Innovation is a key factor if companies and their customers are to survive what can only be called truly testing times. The target of innovation is to find and implement ideas that reshape industries, reinvent markets and redesign value chains, and many of these ideas come from innovative customers.

Если компания и ее заказчики намерены пережить тяжелые времена, то основное внимание следует обратить на инновации. Целью инноваций является поиск и воплощение идей, позволяющих перевернуть промышленность, заново открыть рынки и перестроить стоимостные цепочки, причем многие из этих идей поступают от заказчиков.

Key to successful innovation is communication or the types of information channels employed by firms [1, 2]. A global company like ABB, with offices and factories spanning 90 countries, faces many challenges in maintaining information channels. First of all, there are the internal challenges. Ideas need to be evaluated from many different perspectives to determine their overall impact on the market. Selecting the most effective ones requires expertise and teamwork from the various business, marketing and technology competence groups. Just as important are the channels of communication that exist between ABB, and its customers and suppliers.

Секрет успешных инноваций кроется в типах используемых фирмой информационных каналов [1, 2]. Глобальные компании, подобные АББ, с офисами и заводами более чем в 90 странах, сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами управления информационными каналами. Во-первых, существуют внутренние проблемы. Чтобы определить ценность идеи и ее общее влияние на рынок, ее нужно подвергнуть всесторонней оценке. Выбор наиболее эффективных идей требует коллективной работы различных экономических, маркетинговых и технологических групп. Не менее важны и коммуникационные каналы между компанией АББ и ее заказчиками и поставщиками.

Many of ABB’s customers come from countries that are gradually developing strong technology and scientific cultures thanks to major investments in very ambitious research programs. China and India, for example, are two such countries. In fact, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is currently conducting research projects in all state of-the-art technologies. Countries in Africa and Eastern Europe are capitalizing on their pool of young talent to create a culture of technology development. Emerging markets, while welcome, mean stiffer competition, and competition to companies like ABB encourages even greater levels of innovation

Многие заказчики АББ пришли из стран, постоянно развивающих сильную технологию и научную культуру путем крупных инвестиций в грандиозные исследовательские программы. К таким странам относятся, например, Индия и Китай. На самом деле, Китайская академия наук ведет исследования по всем перспективным направлениям. Страны Африки и Восточной Европы делают ставку на молодые таланты, которым предстоит создавать культуру технологического развития. Новые рынки, хоть и привлекательны, ужесточают конкуренцию, а конкуренция с такими компаниями, как АББ способствует повышению уровня инноваций.

Many customers, similar stories Backed by 120 years of technological development and experience, ABB continues to produce products and services in many automation, power generation and robotics fields, and the examples described in the following section illustrate this broad customer range.

Заказчиков много, история одна
Опираясь более чем на 120-летний опыт технологического развития, АББ продолжает выпускать продукты и оказывать услуги во многих отраслях, связанных с автоматизацией, генерацией энергии и робототехникой. Приведенные далее при меры иллюстрируют широкий диапазон таких заказчиков.

Тематики

бухгалтерский учет
экономика

EN

innovation

3.1.29 инновация (innovation): Конечный результат инновационной деятельности, получивший реализацию в виде нового или усовершенствованного продукта, реализуемого на рынке, нового или усовершенствованного технологического процесса, используемого в практической деятельности.

Источник: ГОСТ Р 54147-2010: Стратегический и инновационный менеджмент. Термины и определения оригинал документа

Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > innovation
12 desear

v.

1 to want.

¿qué desea? what can I do for you? (en tienda)

¿desea algo más? would you like anything else?, is that everything? (en tienda)

desearía estar allí I wish I was there

estoy deseando que llegue I can't wait for her to arrive

dejar mucho/no dejar nada que desear to leave much/nothing to be desired

es de desear que las negociaciones terminen pronto a quick end to the negotiations would be desirable

2 to wish.

te deseo mucha suerte I wish you the best of luck

me deseó lo mejor/un buen viaje he wished me all the best/a pleasant journey

3 to desire (sexualmente).

Quiero paz I want peace.

4 to wish to, to ache to, to be longing to, to desire to.

Quiero estudiar I want to study.

* * *

desear

► verbo transitivo

1 (querer) to want

■ deseo que venga I want him to come

2 (anhelar) to long for, wish for, desire; (para alguien) to wish

■ estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones de Navidad I can't wait for the Christmas holidays

■ desearía tener un coche I wish I had a car

■ le deseó la mejor suerte she wished him good luck

■ ¿qué desea? can I help you?, what can I do for you?

3 (sexualmente) to desire

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dejar mucho/bastante que desear to leave a lot to be desired

es de desear que it is to be hoped that

* * *

verb

1) to wish

2) want

3) desire

* * *

VT

1) (=anhelar) to want

solo deseo que me dejen en paz — I just want to be left in peace

no deseo que le pase nada malo — I wouldn't want o wish anything bad to happen to him

la vida que tanto había deseado — the life she had wanted so much o longed for

• dejar bastante o mucho que desear — to leave a lot to be desired

• estar deseando algo, estaba deseando conocerte — I've been looking forward to meeting you

estoy deseando que esto termine — I'm really looking forward to this finishing, I can't wait for this to finish

estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones — I'm really looking forward to the holidays, I can't wait for o till the holidays

• ser de desear, sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

es de desear que mejoren nuestras relaciones — an improvement in our relations would be desirable

no hemos avanzado tanto como sería de desear — we haven't made as much progress as we would have liked

- no se lo deseo a nadie o ni a mi peor enemigo

2) frm

a) [en peticiones] to wish

desearía ver al director — I would like o I wish to see the manager

el doctor desea hablar un momento con usted — the doctor wishes to speak to you for a moment

todo se hará como tú desees — everything will be done as you wish

b) [en preguntas, sugerencias]

si lo desea se lo podemos enviar por correo — if you wish we can send it by post

¿desearía el señor algún postre? — would Sir like a dessert?, do you wish a dessert?

¿qué desean beber? — what would you like to drink?

¿desea que le hagamos una factura? — do you wish us to make out an invoice?

¿qué desea? — can I help you?

3) [en fórmulas de cortesía] [+ éxito, suerte] to wish

os deseamos una Feliz Navidad — we wish you a Merry Christmas

te deseo la mejor suerte del mundo — I wish you all the luck in the world

le deseamos una pronta recuperación — we wish you a prompt recovery

4) [sexualmente] to want

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <suerte/éxito> to wish

te deseo un feliz viaje — I hope you have a good trip

les deseamos mucha felicidad — we wish them every happiness

no se lo deseo a nadie — I wouldn't wish that on anybody

2) ( querer)

un embarazo no deseado — an unwanted pregnancy

las tan deseadas vacaciones — the long-awaited holidays

lo que más deseo es... — my greatest wish is...

¿qué desea? — (frml) can I help you?

¿desea el señor algo más? — (frml) would you like anything else, sir?

si así lo desea — if you (so) wish (frml)

desearía una respuesta ahora — I would like a reply now

desear + inf: el director desea verlo (frml) the director wishes to see you (frml); está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you; desear que + subj: ¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?; estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for summer; estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him; sería de desear que nos avisaran pronto — ideally we would like to know as soon as possible; dejar I 1) a)

3) < persona> to desire, want

* * *

= be keen to, desire, long (for), want, wish, reach out for, crave, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for, itch for.

Ex. Hosts are less keen to standardise, although the EURONET Common Command Language has been adopted by various hosts, and there is some recognition of the potential benefits to the user of greater standardisation.

Ex. Some types of indexing are appropriate where it is desired to concentrate effort on generating good indexes.

Ex. After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.

Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.

Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.

Ex. If people want regimentation which relieves them of responsibility, how then do you explain parents reaching out for control of schools, disdaining the help of experts.

Ex. Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.

Ex. These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.

Ex. Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.

Ex. With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.

Ex. It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.

----

* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* dejar que desear = leave + something + to be desired, leave + a bit to be desired.

* deseando desesperadamente realizarse = crying to come out.

* desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.

* desear ardientemente = gag for.

* desear fuertemente que Algo desaparezca = will + Nombre + away.

* desearle a Alguien que tenga un buen día = bid + Nombre + good day.

* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.

* desear suerte = cross + Posesivo + fingers.

* desear suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + luck.

* desear vivamente = be eager to.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.

* según se desee = at will.

* si así lo desean = should they so wish.

* sin desearlo = unwantedly.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <suerte/éxito> to wish

te deseo un feliz viaje — I hope you have a good trip

les deseamos mucha felicidad — we wish them every happiness

no se lo deseo a nadie — I wouldn't wish that on anybody

2) ( querer)

un embarazo no deseado — an unwanted pregnancy

las tan deseadas vacaciones — the long-awaited holidays

lo que más deseo es... — my greatest wish is...

¿qué desea? — (frml) can I help you?

¿desea el señor algo más? — (frml) would you like anything else, sir?

si así lo desea — if you (so) wish (frml)

desearía una respuesta ahora — I would like a reply now

desear + inf: el director desea verlo (frml) the director wishes to see you (frml); está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you; desear que + subj: ¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?; estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for summer; estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him; sería de desear que nos avisaran pronto — ideally we would like to know as soon as possible; dejar I 1) a)

3) < persona> to desire, want

* * *

= be keen to, desire, long (for), want, wish, reach out for, crave, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for, itch for.

Ex: Hosts are less keen to standardise, although the EURONET Common Command Language has been adopted by various hosts, and there is some recognition of the potential benefits to the user of greater standardisation.

Ex: Some types of indexing are appropriate where it is desired to concentrate effort on generating good indexes.

Ex: After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.

Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.

Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.

Ex: If people want regimentation which relieves them of responsibility, how then do you explain parents reaching out for control of schools, disdaining the help of experts.

Ex: Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.

Ex: These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.

Ex: Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.

Ex: With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.

Ex: It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.

* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* dejar que desear = leave + something + to be desired, leave + a bit to be desired.

* deseando desesperadamente realizarse = crying to come out.

* desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.

* desear ardientemente = gag for.

* desear fuertemente que Algo desaparezca = will + Nombre + away.

* desearle a Alguien que tenga un buen día = bid + Nombre + good day.

* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.

* desear suerte = cross + Posesivo + fingers.

* desear suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + luck.

* desear vivamente = be eager to.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.

* según se desee = at will.

* si así lo desean = should they so wish.

* sin desearlo = unwantedly.

* * *

desear [A1 ]

vt

A ‹suerte/éxito/felicidad› to wish

llamó para desearme suerte he called to wish me good luck

te deseo un feliz viaje I hope you have a good trip

te deseamos mucha felicidad we wish you every happiness

B

(querer): no se puede desear un novio mejor you couldn't wish for a better boyfriend

un embarazo no deseado an unwanted pregnancy

por fin podrá disfrutar de esas tan deseadas vacaciones at last you can really enjoy those long-awaited holidays

lo que más deseo es volver a ver a mi hijo my greatest wish is to see my son again

esa moto que tanto había deseado that motorcycle he had wanted so much o he had so longed for

¿qué desea? ( frml); can I help you?, what would you like?

¿desea el señor algo más? ( frml); would you like anything else, sir?

se lo podemos enviar si así lo desea we can send it to you if you (so) wish ( frml)

desearía una contestación antes del lunes I would o ( BrE frml) should like a reply before Monday

desear + INF:

el director desea verlo en su despacho ( frml); the director would like o ( frml) wishes to see you in his office

¿desea la señora ver otro modelo? ( frml); would you like me to show you another style, madam?

desearía expresar mi satisfacción ( frml); I would o ( BrE frml) should like to express my satisfaction

está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you, he's dying to see you ( colloq)

desear QUE + SUBJ:

no deseamos que la situación llegue a tal extremo ( frml); we would not wish the situation to reach that point ( frml)

¿desea el señor que se lo envuelva? ( frml); would you like me to wrap it for you, sir?

desearía que me diera su respuesta esta semana ( frml); I would o ( BrE frml) should like to have your reply this week

estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for o I'm longing for summer

estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him

sería de desear que nos avisaran con dos semanas de antelación ideally we would like two weeks' notice

dejar mucho que desear to leave a lot to be desired

su rendimiento deja mucho que desear his performance leaves a lot to be desired

vérselas y deseárselas to have a hard time (of it)

C ‹persona› to desire, want

no desearás a la mujer del prójimo ( Bib) thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife

* * *

desear ( conjugate desear) verbo transitivo
1 ‹suerte/éxito/felicidad› to wish;
◊ te deseo un feliz viaje I hope you have a good trip

2 ( querer):
◊ un embarazo no deseado an unwanted pregnancy;

las tan deseadas vacaciones the long-awaited holidays;
lo que más deseo es … my greatest wish is …;
si tú lo deseas if you want to;
desearía una respuesta ahora I would like a reply now;
está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you;
¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?
3 ‹ persona› to desire, want
desear verbo transitivo
1 (anhelar, querer con intensidad) to desire: estoy deseando verte, I'm looking forward to seeing you
te deseo lo mejor, I wish you all the best
(suerte, felicidad, etc) to wish: os deseo unas felices vacaciones, have a good holiday
2 (sexualmente) to desire, want
3 frml (querer) to want: ¿desea usted algo, caballero?, can I help you, Sir?
deseo ver al director, I would like to see the manager
♦ Locuciones: deja mucho/bastante que desear, it leaves a lot to be desired
' desear' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apetecer
- dejar
- esperar
- rezar
- soñar
- suspirar
- aspirar
- bastante
English:
desire
- lust
- want
- will
- wish

* * *

desear vt

1. [querer] to want;
[anhelar] to wish;
siempre he deseado visitar Australia I've always wanted to go to Australia;

desearía estar allí I wish I was there;

por fin, la bici que tanto había deseado at last, the bicycle I'd wanted so much;

desearía agradecerle su apoyo I would like to thank you for your help;

si desea mayor información, llame al 900 1234 if you would like more information, please ring 900 1234;

desearíamos que nos informara sobre su disponibilidad we would be grateful if you could inform us whether or not you would be available;

en nuestra empresa deseamos ofrecer lo mejor a nuestros clientes in our company we want to offer our clients the best;

¿qué desea? [en tienda] what can I do for you?;

¿desea algo más? [en tienda] would you like anything else?, is that everything?;

¿desea que le enseñe más modelos? [en tienda] would you like me to show you some other models?;

si lo desea, se lo enviamos a su domicilio if you wish, we will deliver it to your home;

aquí estamos para lo que desee [a cliente] we are at your entire disposal;

estar deseando hacer algo to be looking forward to doing sth;

estaba deseando salir de allí I couldn't wait to get out of there;

estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones I'm really looking forward to the holidays;

¿te hace ilusión lo de ir en barco? – ¡estoy deseando! are you looking forward to going by boat? – you bet I am! o am I ever!;

ser de desear to be desirable;

es de desear que las negociaciones terminen pronto a quick end to the negotiations would be desirable;

dejar mucho/no dejar nada que desear to leave much/nothing to be desired

2. [felicidad, éxito, parabienes] to wish;

desear algo a alguien to wish sb sth;

te deseo mucha suerte I wish you the best of luck;

¡deséame suerte! wish me luck!;

me deseó lo mejor/un buen viaje he wished me all the best/a pleasant journey;

me deseó buenas noches he said goodnight (to me);

todos deseamos que te mejores pronto we all wish you a speedy recovery

3. [sexualmente] to desire;

te deseo, no puedo vivir sin ti I want you, I can't live without you;

no desearás a la mujer de tu prójimo thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife

* * *

desear

v/t

1 wish for; suerte etc wish

2

:

¿qué desea? what would you like?;

¿desea algo más? would you like anything else?

* * *

desear vt

1) : to wish

te deseo buena suerte: I wish you good luck

2) querer: to want, to desire

* * *

desear vb

1. (expresar deseos) to wish

le desearon buena suerte they wished him good luck

2. (querer) to want

siempre ha deseado ir a la China he's always wanted to go to China

estoy deseando irme de vacaciones I can't wait to go on holiday / I'm really looking forward to going on holiday

Spanish-English dictionary > desear
13 Lanston, Tolbert

SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing

[br]

b. 3 February 1844 Troy, Ohio, USA

d. 18 February 1913 Washington, DC, USA

[br]

American inventor of the Monotype typesetting machine.

[br]

Although reared in a farming community, Lanston was able to develop his mechanical talent. After serving in the American Civil War he secured a clerkship in the Pensions Office in Washington, where he remained for twenty-two years. He studied law in his spare time and was called to the Bar. At the same time, he invented a whole variety of mechanical devices, many of which he patented. Around 1883 Lanston began taking an interest in machines for composing printers' type, probably stimulated by Ottmar Mergenthaler, who was then in Washington and working in this field. Four years' work were rewarded on 7 June 1887 by the grant of a patent, followed by three more, for a machine "to produce justified lines of type". The machine, the Monotype, consisted of two components: first a keyboard unit produced a strip of paper tape with holes punched in patterns corresponding to the characters required; this tape controlled the matrices in the caster, the second and "hot metal" component, from which types were ejected singly and fed to an assembly point until a complete line of type had been formed. Lanston resigned his post and set up the Lanston Type Machine Company in Washington. He laboured for ten years to convert the device defined in his patents into a machine that could be made and used commercially. In 1897 the perfected Monotype appeared. The company was reorganized as the Lanston Monotype Manufacturing Company of Philadelphia, and Lanston devoted himself to promoting and improving the machine. Monotype, with Mergenthaler's Linotype, steadily supplanted hand-setting and the various inadequate mechanical methods that were then in use, and by the 1920s they reigned supreme, until the 1960s, when they themselves began to be superseded by computer-controlled photosetting methods.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Franklin Institute Cresson Gold Medal 1896.

Further Reading

Obituary, 1913, American Printer (March).

L.A.Legros and J.C.Grant, 1916, Typographical Printing Surfaces, London.

J.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Lanston, Tolbert
14 Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. 2 April 1814 West Boyleston, Massachusetts, USA

d. 6 December 1879 USA

[br]

American inventor of power looms for making lace and many types of carpets.

[br]

Bigelow was born in West Boyleston, Massachusetts, where his father struggled as a farmer, wheelwright, and chairmaker. Before he was 20, Bigelow had many different jobs, among them farm labourer, clerk, violin player and cotton-mill employee. In 1830, he went to Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, but he could not afford to go on to Harvard. He sought work in Boston, New York and elsewhere, making various inventions.

The most important of his early inventions was the power loom of 1837 for making coach lace. This loom contained all the essential features of his carpet looms, which he developed and patented two years later. He formed the Clinton Company for manufacturing carpets at Leicester, Massachusetts, but the factory became so large that its name was adopted for the town. The next twenty years saw various mechanical discoveries, while his range of looms was extended to cover Brussels, Wilton, tapestry and velvet carpets. Bigelow has been justly described as the originator of every fundamental device in these machines, which were amongst the largest textile machines of their time. The automatic insertion and withdrawal of strong wires with looped ends was the means employed to raise the looped pile of the Brussels carpets, while thinner wires with a knife blade at the end raised and then severed the loops to create the rich Wilton pile. At the Great Exhibition in 1851, it was declared that his looms made better carpets than any from hand looms. He also developed other looms for special materials.

He became a noted American economist, writing two books about tariff problems, advocating that the United States should not abandon its protectionist policies. In 1860 he was narrowly defeated in a Congress election. The following year he was a member of the committee that established the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

[br]

Further Reading

National Cyclopedia of American Biography III (the standard account of his life). F.H.Sawyer, 1927, Clinton Item (provides a broad background to his life).

C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (describes Bigelow's inventions).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Bigelow, Erastus Brigham
15 cambio

m.

1 change.

se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situation

a las primeras de cambio at the first opportunity

cambio climático climate change (calentamiento global)

cambio de domicilio change of address

cambio horario = putting clocks back or forward one hour (bianual)

cambio de gobierno change of government

cambio de rasante (automobiles) brow of a hill

cambio de sentido U-turn

2 exchange (intercambio).

(oficina de) cambio bureau de change (en letrero)

a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for)

no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return

3 change (monedas).

nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change

¿tiene cambio de cinco mil? have you got change of o for five thousand?

quédese con el cambio keep the change

4 price (finance) (de acciones).

libre cambio free trade; (comercio) floating exchange rates (de divisas)

5 substitution, change (sport) (sustitución).

hacer un cambio to make a substitution o change

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cambiar.

* * *

cambio

► nombre masculino

1 change, changing

■ un cambio de tiempo a change in the weather

2 (intercambio) exchange, exchanging

■ cambio de impresiones exchange of views

3 (dinero suelto) change, loose change; (vuelta) change

■ ¿me puedes dar cambio de cien euros? can you change a hundred euros?

■ me has dado mal el cambio you've given me the wrong change

4 (acciones) price, quotation; (divisas) exchange rate

5 (tren) switch

6 AUTOMÓVIL gear change

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a cambio de in exchange for

■ me dio dos libros a cambio del disco he gave me two books in exchange for the record

a las primeras de cambio figurado at the first opportunity

en cambio on the other hand, but, whereas

■ tú no puedes cantar, en cambio él sí you can't sing, but he can

caja de cambio AUTOMÓVIL gearbox

cambio automático AUTOMÓVIL automatic transmission

cambio de la guardia changing of the guard

cambio de marchas (acción) gear change 2 (caja) gearbox

cambio de planes change of plans

casa de cambio bureau de change

libre cambio free trade

* * *

noun m.

1) change

2) alteration

3) exchange, swap

•

- a cambio
- en cambio
* * *

SM

1) (=variación) change

ha habido un cambio de planes — there has been a change of plan

el matrimonio supuso un cambio radical en mi vida — marriage meant a complete change in my life

el entrenador ha hecho ya tres cambios en lo que va de partido — the coach has already made three substitutions o changes so far in the match

estamos en la época de cambio entre el otoño y el invierno — we are in the changeover period between autumn and winter

• necesito un cambio de aires — I need a change of scene

• siempre nos veíamos durante el cambio de clase — we always used to meet in the break between classes

• un cambio para mejor/peor — a change for the better/worse

cambio climático — climatic change

cambio de agujas — (Ferro) points junction, switch junction (EEUU)

cambio de domicilio — change of address

cambio de gobierno — [completo] change of government; [parcial] reshuffle

cambio de guardia — changing of the guard

cambio de impresiones — exchange of views

cambio de la marea — turn of the tide

cambio de línea — (Inform) line feed

cambio de marchas — (=acción) gear change; (=mecanismo) gear stick, gearshift (EEUU)

hacer el cambio de marchas — to change gear

un coche con cambio automático de marchas — a car with an automatic gearbox

cambio de opinión — change of opinion, turn in opinion

cambio de página — (Inform) form feed

cambio de pareja — change of partners ( in dancing)

cambio de rasante, prohibido adelantar en un cambio de rasante — no overtaking on the brow of a hill

cambio de sentido — change of direction

cambio de sexo — sex change

cambio de tercio — (Taur) change of stage ( in a bullfight)

se produjo un cambio de tercio en la conversación — the conversation changed direction o subject

cambio de velocidades — = cambio de marchas

cambio de vía — (Ferro) points pl, switches pl (EEUU)

hacer el cambio de vía — to go through the points o switches

cambio genético — genetic change

2) (=intercambio) exchange, swap *

hicimos un cambio de coche — we exchanged cars, we swapped cars *

salimos ganando con el cambio — the exchange worked out in our favour

3) (Econ)

a) (=dinero suelto) change

no tengo cambio para el teléfono — I don't have any change for the phone

¿tienes cambio de 50 euros? — do you have change for 50 euros?, can you change 50 euros?

quédese con el cambio — keep the change

te han dado mal el cambio — they've given you the wrong change

b) [de moneda extranjera] (=tipo) exchange rate

son 40 dólares al cambio — that is 40 dollars at the current exchange rate

al cambio del mes de febrero — at the February exchange rate

Cambio — Bureau de Change, Change

cambio a término — forward exchange

cambio de divisas — foreign exchange

4)

• a cambio — in return, in exchange

lo ganó todo sin ceder nada a cambio — he won it all without giving anything in return

"admitimos su coche usado a cambio" — "cars taken in part exchange", "trade-ins accepted"

• a cambio de — in return for, in exchange for

reclamaba dinero a cambio de su silencio — he demanded money in return o exchange for keeping quiet (about it)

5)

• en cambio — whereas

yo nunca llego a tiempo, en cambio ella es muy puntual — I never arrive on time, whereas she is very punctual

¿pero qué ha sucedido en cambio? — but instead, what has happened?

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (alteración, modificación) change

cambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something

un brusco cambio de temperatura — a sudden change in temperature

un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene

una operación de cambio de sexo — a sex-change operation

a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity

b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)

meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear

un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox

- cambio de escena

- cambio de guardia

- cambio de marchas o velocidades

- cambio de marchas automático

- cambio de rasante

- cambio de vía

2)

a) ( canje) exchange

saliste perdiendo con el cambio — you lost out in the deal

no se admiten cambios — goods cannot be exchanged

b) (en locs)

a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)

en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant

3)

a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange

cambio de divisas — foreign exchange

¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?

cambio — bureau de change, change

al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)

b) ( diferencia) change

me ha dado mal el cambio — he's given me the wrong change

c) ( dinero suelto) change

¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?

necesito cambio — I need some change

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (alteración, modificación) change

cambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something

un brusco cambio de temperatura — a sudden change in temperature

un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene

una operación de cambio de sexo — a sex-change operation

a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity

b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)

meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear

un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox

- cambio de escena

- cambio de guardia

- cambio de marchas o velocidades

- cambio de marchas automático

- cambio de rasante

- cambio de vía

2)

a) ( canje) exchange

saliste perdiendo con el cambio — you lost out in the deal

no se admiten cambios — goods cannot be exchanged

b) (en locs)

a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)

en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant

3)

a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange

cambio de divisas — foreign exchange

¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?

cambio — bureau de change, change

al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)

b) ( diferencia) change

me ha dado mal el cambio — he's given me the wrong change

c) ( dinero suelto) change

¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?

necesito cambio — I need some change

* * *

cambio¹

¹ = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.

Ex: It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.

Ex: A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).

Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.

Ex: To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.

Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.

Ex: This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.

Ex: This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.

Ex: The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.

Ex: Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.

Ex: When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.

Ex: Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.

Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.

Ex: A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.

Ex: The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.

Ex: There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.

Ex: The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.

Ex: The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.

Ex: Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.

Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.

Ex: This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.

Ex: The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.

Ex: The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.

Ex: Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.

Ex: Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.

Ex: These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.

Ex: Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.

* a cambio = in return.

* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.

* a cambio de nada = for nothing.

* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.

* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.

* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.

* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.

* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.

* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.

* agente del cambio = change agent.

* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.

* cambio a = flight to.

* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.

* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.

* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.

* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.

* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.

* cambio cultural = cultural change.

* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.

* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.

* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.

* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.

* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.

* cambio de dirección = change of hands.

* cambio de dueño = change of hands.

* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.

* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.

* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.

* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].

* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.

* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.

* cambio de look = lick of paint.

* cambio de lugar = relocation.

* cambio de manos = change of hands.

* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.

* cambio demográfico = population trend.

* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.

* cambio de nombre = rebranding.

* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.

* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.

* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.

* cambio de propietario = change of hands.

* cambio de proveedor = churn.

* cambio de registro = code switching.

* cambio de residencia = resettlement.

* cambio de servicio = churn.

* cambio de sexo = sex change.

* cambio de título = title change.

* cambio escénico = scene changing.

* cambio estacional = seasonal change.

* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.

* cambio inesperado = twist.

* cambio institucional = institutional change.

* cambio metereológico = weather modification.

* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.

* cambio + producirse = change + come about.

* cambio profundo = profound change.

* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.

* cambio radical de postura = about-face.

* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.

* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.

* cambio social = social change, societal change.

* cambio + suceder = change + take place.

* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.

* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.

* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.

* cambio traumático = traumatic change.

* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.

* clima de cambio = climate of change.

* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.

* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.

* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.

* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.

* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.

* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.

* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.

* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.

* en proceso de cambio = changing.

* estado de cambio = state of flux.

* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.

* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.

* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.

* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.

* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.

* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.

* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).

* hacer el cambio = make + the change.

* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.

* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.

* hacer un cambio = make + change.

* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.

* introducir un cambio = bring + change.

* libre cambio = laissez-faire.

* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.

* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.

* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.

* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.

* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.

* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.

* motor del cambio = driver of change.

* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.

* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.

* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.

* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.

* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.

* proceso de cambio = process of change.

* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.

* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.

* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.

* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.

* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.

* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.

* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.

* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.

* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.

* sin cambio = inviolate.

* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.

* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.

* suceder un cambio = occur + change.

* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.

* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.

* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.

* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.

cambio²

² = loose change.

Ex: Forget climate change, voters want more loose change.

* bolsa de cambio = stock exchange.

* cambio de divisas = currency rate, currency exchange.

* cambio de moneda = exchange rate, foreign exchange, currency exchange rate, market rate of exchange, foreign exchange rate, currency rate, rate of exchange, currency exchange.

* letra de cambio = bill of exchange.

* oficina de cambio = exchange office, currency exchange bureau, exchange bureau.

* tipo de cambio = exchange rate, rate of exchange.

* variación de los tipos de cambio = exchange rate change.

cambio³

³ = gear, derailleur.

Nota: De bicicleta.

Ex: Their products were charming and much less expensive than American clockwork toys because they used tinplate gears rather than brass.

Ex: There is a front and a rear derailleur on most modern bikes.

* palanca de cambio = shifter.

* * *

cambio

masculine

A

1 (alteración, modificación) change

el cambio que ha tenido lugar en él the change he has undergone

cambio DE algo:

un brusco cambio de temperatura a sudden change in temperature

lo que tú necesitas es un cambio de aires or ambiente what you need is a change of scene

ha habido un cambio de planes there's been a change of plan

una operación de cambio de sexo a sex-change operation

cambio de uso del suelo change of land use ( in urban planning)

a la primera de cambio ( fam); at the first opportunity, the first thing you know ( colloq)

2 ( Auto) gearshift ( AmE), gear change ( BrE)

hacer un cambio to change gear

meta el cambio ( AmL); put it in gear

un coche con cinco cambios ( AmL); a car with a five-speed gearbox

caja

Compuestos:

● cambio climático

climate change

● cambio de domicilio

change of address

● cambio de escena

scene change

● cambio de guardia

change of guard, changing of the guard

● cambio de jugada

audible

● cambio de marchas

(dispositivo) transmission ( AmE), gearbox ( BrE); (acción) gearshift ( AmE), gear change ( BrE)

● cambio de marchas automático

automatic gearshift ( AmE) o ( BrE) gearbox

● cambio de marchas manual

manual gearshift ( AmE) o ( BrE) gearbox

● cambio de rasante

brow of a hill

● cambio de seña

audible

● cambio de sentido

( Auto) junction

● cambio de velocidades

cambio de marchas

● cambio de vía

switch ( AmE), points (pl) ( BrE)

B

1 (canje) exchange

creo que has salido perdiendo con el cambio I think you've lost out in the deal

[ S ] no se admiten cambios ni devoluciones goods cannot be exchanged or returned

2 ( en locs):

a cambio in exchange, in return

a cambio de in exchange for, in return for

estoy dispuesto a hacerlo a cambio de un pequeño favor I'm prepared to do it in exchange o in return for a small favor

daría cualquier cosa a cambio de un poco de paz I'd do anything for a bit of peace

en cambio: a él le parece espléndido; a mí, en cambio, no me gusta he thinks it's wonderful, but personally I don't like it

el viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio irse en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting whereas o but if you go by train it's very pleasant, the bus journey is exhausting; if you go by train, however o on the other hand, it is very pleasant

C

1 ( Fin) (de moneda extranjera) exchange

cambio de divisas foreign exchange

¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?

[ S ] cambio bureau de change, change

al cambio del día at the current exchange rate

libre¹ (↑ libre (1))

2 (diferencia) change

quédese con el cambio keep the change

me ha dado mal el cambio he's given me the wrong change

3 (dinero menudo) change

¿tienes cambio de diez? can you change ten euros?

necesito cambio para el teléfono I need some change for the telephone

Compuestos:

● cambio del día

daily exchange rate o rate of exchange

● cambio de moneda

foreign exchange

* * *

Del verbo cambiar: ( conjugate cambiar)

cambio es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

cambió es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
cambiar
cambio
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
a) (alterar, modificar) ‹horario/imagen/persona› to change

b) (de lugar, posición):

◊ cambio los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around;

cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
c) ( reemplazar) ‹pieza/fecha/sábanas› to change;

◊ le cambió la pila al reloj she changed the battery in the clock;

cambiole el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
d) ‹niño/bebé› to change

e) (Fin) to change;

cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambio algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;
◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?

verbo intransitivo
a) [ciudad/persona] to change;

◊ cambio para peor to change for the worse;

le está cambiando la voz his voice is breaking
b) (Auto) to change gear

c) ( hacer transbordo) to change;

◊ cambio de avión/tren to change planes/train

d) cambio de algo ‹de tema/canal/color› to change sth;

◊ cambio de idea to change one's mind;

cambio de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
a) ( refl) ( de ropa) to change, get changed

b) ( refl) ‹camisa/nombre/peinado› to change;

cambiose de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
◊ me cambié de sitio I changed places;

cambiose de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirt
c) cambiose por algn to change places with sb

d) ( recípr) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE)

e) (CS) ( mudarse de casa) to move

cambio sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( alteración) change;

cambio de algo ‹de planes/domicilio› change of sth;
un cambio de aire(s) or ambiente a change of scene
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE);

◊ un coche con cinco cambios (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox;

cambio de sentido U-turn
2
a) ( canje) exchange;

( on signs) no se admiten cambios goods cannot be exchanged
b) ( en locs)

◊ a cambio (de) in exchange (for), in return (for);

en cambio: el viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting;

by train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3
a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange;

◊ cambio de divisas foreign exchange;

¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?;

( on signs) cambio bureau de change, change
b) ( diferencia) change;

◊ me ha dado mal el cambio he's given me the wrong change

c) ( dinero suelto) change

cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
cambio sustantivo masculino
1 change
(de opinión) shift
un cambio de impresiones, an exchange of opinions
2 (del dinero) change: ¿tienes cambio de cinco mil?, have you got change for five thousand?
3 Fin (de la moneda extranjera) exchange
(de unas acciones) price
4 Auto gear change
cambio automático, automatic transmission
cambio de rasante, brow of a hill
♦ Locuciones: a cambio de, in exchange for
a las primeras de cambio, at the firsl opportunity
en cambio, on the other hand: él es muy engreído, en cambio ella es muy dulce, he's really conceited; on the other hand she is very sweet
' cambio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrupta
- abrupto
- aguantar
- aire
- alteración
- apreciarse
- benéfica
- benéfico
- biombo
- brutal
- desplazamiento
- experimentar
- girar
- imponerse
- inflexión
- letra
- oscilación
- por
- primera
- primero
- radical
- semblante
- sensible
- tipo
- vaivén
- viraje
- vuelta
- acelerar
- acentuado
- apreciable
- apresurar
- brusco
- cambiar
- cara
- cerrado
- efectuar
- feria
- guardia
- idea
- importante
- inevitable
- lado
- libre
- nuevo
- observar
- operar
- opinión
- producir
- quedar
- rápido
English:
abrupt
- adjustment
- alarmed
- alteration
- bare
- better
- change
- chapter
- conversely
- department
- displacement
- distinct
- draft
- dramatic
- dramatically
- drastic
- euro
- exchange
- exchange rate
- fall
- float
- gearshift
- gearstick
- instead
- intend
- into
- likely
- major
- make
- modification
- occur
- protection money
- rate
- refreshing
- refreshingly
- return
- reversal
- round
- sex change
- shift
- short-change
- slight
- small change
- subject
- substantial
- sudden
- swap for
- sweep
- sweeping
- swing

* * *

cambio

♦ nm

1. [alteración, modificación] change;

vivimos una época de grandes cambios we live in times of great change;

cambio de actitud change in attitude;

cambio de gobierno change of government;

cambio radical turnabout, turnround;

cambio de tiempo change in the weather;

ha ganado con el cambio de trabajo he has benefited from changing jobs;

con el cambio de política hemos perdido todos we have all lost out as a result of the change in policy;

se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situation;

el cambio al sistema métrico ha sido muy sencillo the changeover to the metric system has been very straightforward;

tu hijo ha pegado un cambio tremendo your son has really changed;

a las primeras de cambio at the first opportunity;

abandonó la carrera a las primeras de cambio she dropped out of the race almost as soon as it had started o shortly after it had started;

cayeron eliminados a las primeras de cambio they fell at the first hurdle

Comp
cambio climático climate change; Ling cambio de código code switching;
cambio de domicilio change of address;

cambio de escena Teatro scene change;
Fig change of scene;
cambio generacional: [m5] el partido necesita un cambio generacional urgente the party is in urgent need of a new generation of leaders;

este joven pintor es un ejemplo del cambio generacional en marcha this young man is one of the new generation of painters who are coming to dominate the artistic scene;

cambio de guardia [ceremonia] changing of the guard;

cambio horario [bianual] = putting clocks back or forward one hour;

cambio hormonal hormonal change;

cambio de imagen image change;

el cambio de milenio the end of the millennium;

cambio de rasante brow of a hill;

cambio de sentido U-turn;

cambio de sexo sex change;
Der cambio de tribunal change of venue; Ferroc cambio de vía Br points, US switch
2. [reemplazo, trueque] exchange;

(oficina de) cambio [en letrero] Br bureau de change, US foreign-exchange bureau;

durante las rebajas no se admiten cambios while the sales are on, goods may not be exchanged;

a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for);

no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return;

se admite su vieja lavadora a cambio we will take your old washing machine in part exchange;

te dejo el coche a cambio de que lo laves I'll let you use my car if you wash it for me

Comp
Aut cambio de aceite oil change;
cambio de impresiones exchange of views;
Quím cambio iónico ion exchange;
cambio de papeles role reversal

3. [monedas, billetes] change;

¿tiene cambio? have you got any change?;

¿tiene cambio de 5.000? have you got change for o Br of 5,000?;

nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change;

quédese con el cambio keep the change;

me ha dado el cambio incorrecto she gave me the wrong change

4. Fin [de acciones] price;
[de divisas] exchange rate;
ha bajado el cambio del peso the (exchange rate of the) peso has fallen;

los valores eléctricos han mantenido el cambio share prices in the electricity companies have remained steady;

¿a cuánto está el cambio de la libra? what's the exchange rate for the pound?

Comp
cambio base base rate;
cambio extranjero foreign exchange;

cambio medio average exchange rate;

cambio oficial official exchange rate

5. Aut
el cambio es muy duro the gears are rather stiff

Comp
cambio automático automatic transmission;
cambio de marchas [acción] gear change;
[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shift;
cambio sincronizado [en bicicleta] indexed gear;

cambio de velocidades [acción] gear change;
[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shift
6. Dep [sustitución] substitution, change;

hacer un cambio to make a substitution o change;

el equipo visitante ha pedido (hacer un) cambio the away team want to make a substitution o change;

el jugador lesionado pidió el cambio al entrenador the injured player signalled to the manager that he wanted to come off

♦ interj
Rad
¡cambio (y corto)! over!;

¡cambio y cierro! over and out!

♦ en cambio loc adv
[por otra parte] on the other hand, however; [en su lugar] instead;
ellos no pueden ayudarnos, en cambio tú sí they can't help us, but o whereas you can;

éste me gusta, en cambio este otro es feo I like this one, but this other one is horrible

* * *

cambio

m

1 change;

cambio de domicilio change of address;

cambio de aires change of scene;

cambio de turno change of shift;

cambio de aceite AUTO oil change;

¡cambio! al hablar por radio over!

2 COM exchange rate;

el cambio del día the day’s (exchange) rate;

libre cambio COM free trade

3 ( suelto)

:

¿tiene cambio? do you have change?

4

:

no se admiten cambios goods will not be exchanged

5 en locuciones

:

a cambio de in exchange for;

en cambio on the other hand

* * *

cambio nm

1) : change, alteration

2) : exchange

3) : change (money)

4)

en cambio : instead

5)

en cambio : however, on the other hand

* * *

cambio n

1. (en general) change

va a haber cambios en la empresa there are going to be changes in the company

un cambio de imagen a change of image

¿tienes cambio? have you got any change?

2. (divisas) exchange rate

Spanish-English dictionary > cambio
16 cambio1

¹ = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.

Ex. It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.

Ex. A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).

Ex. These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.

Ex. To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.

Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex. Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.

Ex. This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.

Ex. This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.

Ex. The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.

Ex. Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.

Ex. When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.

Ex. Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.

Ex. The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.

Ex. A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.

Ex. The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.

Ex. There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.

Ex. The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.

Ex. The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.

Ex. Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.

Ex. This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.

Ex. This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.

Ex. The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.

Ex. The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.

Ex. Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.

Ex. Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.

Ex. These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.

Ex. Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.

----

* a cambio = in return.

* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.

* a cambio de nada = for nothing.

* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.

* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.

* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.

* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.

* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.

* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.

* agente del cambio = change agent.

* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.

* cambio a = flight to.

* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.

* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.

* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.

* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.

* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.

* cambio cultural = cultural change.

* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.

* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.

* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.

* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.

* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.

* cambio de dirección = change of hands.

* cambio de dueño = change of hands.

* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.

* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.

* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.

* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].

* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.

* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.

* cambio de look = lick of paint.

* cambio de lugar = relocation.

* cambio de manos = change of hands.

* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.

* cambio demográfico = population trend.

* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.

* cambio de nombre = rebranding.

* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.

* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.

* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.

* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.

* cambio de propietario = change of hands.

* cambio de proveedor = churn.

* cambio de registro = code switching.

* cambio de residencia = resettlement.

* cambio de servicio = churn.

* cambio de sexo = sex change.

* cambio de título = title change.

* cambio escénico = scene changing.

* cambio estacional = seasonal change.

* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.

* cambio inesperado = twist.

* cambio institucional = institutional change.

* cambio metereológico = weather modification.

* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.

* cambio + producirse = change + come about.

* cambio profundo = profound change.

* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.

* cambio radical de postura = about-face.

* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.

* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.

* cambio social = social change, societal change.

* cambio + suceder = change + take place.

* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.

* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.

* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.

* cambio traumático = traumatic change.

* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.

* clima de cambio = climate of change.

* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.

* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.

* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.

* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.

* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.

* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.

* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.

* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.

* en proceso de cambio = changing.

* estado de cambio = state of flux.

* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.

* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.

* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.

* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.

* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.

* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.

* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).

* hacer el cambio = make + the change.

* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.

* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.

* hacer un cambio = make + change.

* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.

* introducir un cambio = bring + change.

* libre cambio = laissez-faire.

* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.

* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.

* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.

* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.

* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.

* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.

* motor del cambio = driver of change.

* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.

* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.

* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.

* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.

* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.

* proceso de cambio = process of change.

* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.

* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.

* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.

* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.

* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.

* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.

* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.

* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.

* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.

* sin cambio = inviolate.

* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.

* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.

* suceder un cambio = occur + change.

* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.

* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.

* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.

* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.

Spanish-English dictionary > cambio1
17 Whitworth, Sir Joseph

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Metallurgy, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 21 December 1803 Stockport, Cheshire, England

d. 22 January 1887 Monte Carlo, Monaco

[br]

English mechanical engineer and pioneer of precision measurement.

[br]

Joseph Whitworth received his early education in a school kept by his father, but from the age of 12 he attended a school near Leeds. At 14 he joined his uncle's mill near Ambergate, Derbyshire, to learn the business of cotton spinning. In the four years he spent there he realized that he was more interested in the machinery than in managing a cotton mill. In 1821 he obtained employment as a mechanic with Crighton \& Co., Manchester. In 1825 he moved to London and worked for Henry Maudslay and later for the Holtzapffels and Joseph Clement. After these years spent gaining experience, he returned to Manchester in 1833 and set up in a small workshop under a sign "Joseph Whitworth, Tool Maker, from London".

The business expanded steadily and the firm made machine tools of all types and other engineering products including steam engines. From 1834 Whitworth obtained many patents in the fields of machine tools, textile and knitting machinery and road-sweeping machines. By 1851 the company was generally regarded as the leading manufacturer of machine tools in the country. Whitworth was a pioneer of precise measurement and demonstrated the fundamental mode of producing a true plane by making surface plates in sets of three. He advocated the use of the decimal system and made use of limit gauges, and he established a standard screw thread which was adopted as the national standard. In 1853 Whitworth visited America as a member of a Royal Commission and reported on American industry. At the time of the Crimean War in 1854 he was asked to provide machinery for manufacturing rifles and this led him to design an improved rifle of his own. Although tests in 1857 showed this to be much superior to all others, it was not adopted by the War Office. Whitworth's experiments with small arms led on to the construction of big guns and projectiles. To improve the quality of the steel used for these guns, he subjected the molten metal to pressure during its solidification, this fluid-compressed steel being then known as "Whitworth steel".

In 1868 Whitworth established thirty annual scholarships for engineering students. After his death his executors permanently endowed the Whitworth Scholarships and distributed his estate of nearly half a million pounds to various educational and charitable institutions. Whitworth was elected an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1841 and a Member in 1848 and served on its Council for many years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1847, the year of its foundation.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Baronet 1869. FRS 1857. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1856, 1857 and 1866. Hon. LLD Trinity College, Dublin, 1863. Hon. DCL Oxford University 1868. Member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1864. Légion d'honneur 1868. Society of Arts Albert Medal 1868.

Bibliography

1858, Miscellaneous Papers on Mechanical Subjects, London; 1873, Miscellaneous Papers on Practical Subjects: Guns and Steel, London (both are collections of his papers to technical societies).

1854, with G.Wallis, The Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures, and

Useful and Ornamental Arts, London.

Further Reading

F.C.Lea, 1946, A Pioneer of Mechanical Engineering: Sir Joseph Whitworth, London (a short biographical account).

A.E.Musson, 1963, "Joseph Whitworth: toolmaker and manufacturer", Engineering Heritage, Vol. 1, London, 124–9 (a short biography).

D.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 5, London, 797–802 (a short biography).

W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (describes Whitworth's machine tools).

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Whitworth, Sir Joseph

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